Footwear Having Sensor System

ABSTRACT

An article of footwear includes an upper member and a sole structure, with a sensor system connected to the sole structure. The sensor system includes a plurality of sensors that are configured for detecting forces exerted by a user&#39;s foot on the sensor. The sensor system also includes a port that is configured to receive a module to place the module in communication with the sensors. The port includes a housing with a chamber configured to receive the module and an interface engaged with the housing and having at least one electrical contact exposed to the chamber. Additional retaining structure and interface structure may be included.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/399,786, filed Feb. 17, 2012, which is acontinuation-in-part of and claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/483,824, filed Jun. 12, 2009, issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,676,541 on Mar. 18, 2014, and U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/483,828, filed Jun. 12, 2009, issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,462,844 on Oct. 11, 2016, both of which claim priority to and thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/061,427, filed onJun. 13, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/138,048,filed on Dec. 16, 2008; and application Ser. No. 13/399,786 also claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/443,800, filed Feb. 17,2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/443,911, filed Feb. 17,2011; and the present application claims priority to all of such priorapplications, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in theirentireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to footwear having a sensorsystem and, more particularly, to a shoe having a force sensor assemblyoperably connected to a communication port located in the shoe.

BACKGROUND

Shoes having sensor systems incorporated therein are known. Sensorsystems collect performance data wherein the data can be accessed forlater use such as for analysis purposes. In certain systems, the sensorsystems are complex or data can only be accessed or used with certainoperating systems. Thus, uses for the collected data can beunnecessarily limited. Accordingly, while certain shoes having sensorsystems provide a number of advantageous features, they neverthelesshave certain limitations. The present invention seeks to overcomecertain of these limitations and other drawbacks of the prior art, andto provide new features not heretofore available.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present invention relates generally to footwear having a sensorsystem. Aspects of the invention relate to an article of footwear thatincludes an upper member and a sole structure, with a sensor systemconnected to the sole structure. The sensor system includes a pluralityof sensors that are configured for detecting forces exerted by a user'sfoot on the sensor.

According to one aspect, the footwear further contains a communicationport operably connected with the sensors. In one embodiment, thecommunication port is configured for transmitting data regarding forcesdetected by each sensor in a universally readable format. The port mayalso be configured for connection to an electronic module to allowcommunication between the sensors and the module.

Additional aspects of the invention relate to a port for use with anarticle of footwear may include a housing adapted to be at leastpartially received within the sole structure of the article of footwear.The housing includes a plurality of side walls defining a chamberadapted to receive an electronic module therein. An interface is engagedwith the housing and has at least one electrical contact exposed to thechamber. In this configuration, the interface is adapted to form anelectrical connection with the module such that the module engages theat least one electrical contact when the module is received within thechamber.

Further aspects of the invention relate to an article of footwearadapted to receive a foot and including a sole structure, an upperportion, a sensor system, and a port as described above. The solestructure includes an outsole member and a midsole member supported bythe outsole member, the midsole member having a well therein. The upperportion is connected to the sole structure. The sensor system includes aforce sensor connected to the sole structure and a sensor lead extendingaway from the force sensor, the force sensor being adapted to sense aforce exerted on the sole structure by the foot. The interface of theport includes an electrical contact that is connected to the sensor leadand thereby in electronic communication with the force sensor.

Still further aspects of the invention relate to a system for use witharticle of footwear adapted to engage a foot. The system includes a solestructure having an outsole member and a midsole member supported by theoutsole member, the midsole member having a well therein and an upperportion connected to the sole structure. The system also includes asensor system having a plurality of force sensors connected to the solestructure and a plurality of sensor leads extending away from the forcesensors, the force sensors each being adapted to sense a force exertedon the sole structure by the foot. A port is connected to the solestructure and the sensor system. The port includes a housing at leastpartially received within the well in the midsole member and aninterface engaged with the housing. The housing includes a plurality ofside walls defining a chamber and a retaining member connected to atleast one of the side walls. The interface has a plurality of electricalcontacts exposed to the chamber, such that the electrical contacts areconnected to the plurality of sensor leads and are thereby in electroniccommunication with the force sensors. The system further includes anelectronic module received in the chamber of the port, such that themodule engages the plurality of electrical contacts of the interfacewhen the module is received within the chamber, forming an electricalconnection with the interface. The module is configured to receivesignals from the force sensor through the electrical connection with theinterface and store data received from the force sensor. Additionally,the retaining member of the housing exerts a force on the module toretain the module within the chamber.

Still other features and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom the following specification taken in conjunction with the followingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a shoe;

FIG. 2 is an opposed side view of the shoe of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of a sole of a shoe incorporating one embodiment ofa sensor system;

FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a shoeincorporating the sensor system of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a shoeincorporating the sensor system of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an electronic modulecapable of use with a sensor system, in communication with an externalelectronic device;

FIG. 7 is a top view of another embodiment of an insert membercontaining a sensor system according to aspects of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a left and right pair of insert members as shownin FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a magnified exploded view of a portion of the insert memberand sensor system of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a shoeincorporating the insert member of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sensor systemaccording to aspects of the invention, for use with an article offootwear, with a sole structure of the article of footwear beingdepicted schematically by broken lines;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 12-12 of FIG. 11,showing a port of the sensor system of FIG. 11 and an electronic modulebeing received in a housing of the sensor system;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the port and the module ofFIG. 12, with the module being inserted into the port;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the module shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a rear perspective view of the module of FIG. 14;

FIG. 15A is a rear view of the module of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a top view of the module of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a side view of the module of FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the port of FIG. 11, showing the modulereceived in the housing thereof;

FIG. 18A is a schematic view illustrating the assembly of an interfaceof the port as shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view of the sole member of FIG. 19,with the module being connected to the port;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 19, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 23 is an end view of the module of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 22, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of the sole member of FIG. 25,with the module being connected to the port;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 25, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 28A is a bottom view of the module of FIG. 28;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 28, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 30A is a bottom view of the module of FIG. 30;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 30, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 32A is a bottom view of the module of FIG. 32;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 32, with themodule being connected to the port;

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 32, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 35A is a top view of the module of FIG. 35;

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 35, with themodule being connected to the port;

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 35, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sole member ofan article of footwear, having a port and an electronic moduleconfigured for connection to the port;

FIG. 38A is a top view of the module of FIG. 38;

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of the sole member of FIG. 38, with themodule connected to the port;

FIG. 40 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 41 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 42 is a partial cross-sectional view of the module of FIG. 41;

FIG. 43 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 44 is a partial cross-sectional view of the a portion of the portof FIG. 43;

FIG. 45 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 46 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 45, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 46A is a magnified partial cross-sectional view of the port and themodule of FIG. 45;

FIG. 47 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 48 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 47, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 49 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 50 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 49, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 51 is a partial cross-sectional view of the module of FIG. 52, witha portion of the port;

FIG. 52 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 53 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 52, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 54 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 55 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 54, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 56 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the module andthe port of FIG. 54;

FIG. 57 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 58 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 57, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 58A is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of a midsolemember of the article of footwear of FIG. 57, shown during insertion ofthe module;

FIG. 58B is a partial cross-sectional view of the midsole member asshown in FIG. 58A, shown after insertion of the module;

FIG. 58C is a partial cross-sectional view of the midsole member asshown in FIG. 58A, shown during removal of the module;

FIG. 59 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 60 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 59, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 61 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of an article of footwear, having a port and an electronicmodule configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 62 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the articleof footwear of FIG. 61, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 63 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 64 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 63, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 65 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 66 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 65, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 67 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 68 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 69 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 69A is a side view of the port of FIG. 69;

FIG. 70 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 71 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 72 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 73 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 74 is a partial cross-sectional view of an interface of the port ofFIG. 73;

FIG. 75 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 76 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 75, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 77 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 78 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 77, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 79 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 80 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 79, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 81 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 82 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 81, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 83 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 84 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of anotherembodiment of a sole structure for an article of footwear, having a portand an electronic module configured for connection to the port;

FIG. 85 is a partial cross-sectional view of the portion of the solestructure of FIG. 101, with the module connected to the port;

FIG. 86 is a schematic diagram of the electronic module of FIG. 6, incommunication with an external gaming device;

FIG. 87 is a schematic diagram of a pair of shoes, each containing asensor system, in a mesh communication mode with an external device;

FIG. 88 is a schematic diagram of a pair of shoes, each containing asensor system, in a “daisy chain” communication mode with an externaldevice; and

FIG. 89 is a schematic diagram of a pair of shoes, each containing asensor system, in an independent communication mode with an externaldevice.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many differentforms, there are shown in the drawings, and will herein be described indetail, preferred embodiments of the invention with the understandingthat the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification ofthe principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broadaspects of the invention to the embodiments illustrated and described.

Footwear, such as a shoe, is shown as an example in FIGS. 1-2 andgenerally designated with the reference numeral 100. The footwear 100can take many different forms, including, for example, various types ofathletic footwear. In one exemplary embodiment, the shoe 100 generallyincludes a force sensor system 12 operably connected to a universalcommunication port 14. As described in greater detail below, the sensorsystem 12 collects performance data relating to a wearer of the shoe100. Through connection to the universal communication port 14, multipledifferent users can access the performance data for a variety ofdifferent uses as described in greater detail below.

An article of footwear 100 is depicted in FIGS. 1-2 as including anupper 120 and a sole structure 130. For purposes of reference in thefollowing description, footwear 100 may be divided into three generalregions: a forefoot region 111, a midfoot region 112, and a heel region113, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Regions 111-113 are not intended todemarcate precise areas of footwear 100. Rather, regions 111-113 areintended to represent general areas of footwear 100 that provide a frameof reference during the following discussion. Although regions 111-113apply generally to footwear 100, references to regions 111-113 also mayapply specifically to upper 120, sole structure 130, or individualcomponents included within and/or formed as part of either upper 120 orsole structure 130.

As further shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the upper 120 is secured to solestructure 130 and defines a void or chamber for receiving a foot. Forpurposes of reference, upper 120 includes a lateral side 121, anopposite medial side 122, and a vamp or instep area 123. Lateral side121 is positioned to extend along a lateral side of the foot (i.e., theoutside) and generally passes through each of regions 111-113.Similarly, medial side 122 is positioned to extend along an oppositemedial side of the foot (i.e., the inside) and generally passes througheach of regions 111-113. Vamp area 123 is positioned between lateralside 121 and medial side 122 to correspond with an upper surface orinstep area of the foot. Vamp area 123, in this illustrated example,includes a throat 124 having a lace 125 or other desired closuremechanism that is utilized in a conventional manner to modify thedimensions of upper 120 relative the foot, thereby adjusting the fit offootwear 100. Upper 120 also includes an ankle opening 126 that providesthe foot with access to the void within upper 120. A variety ofmaterials may be used for constructing upper 120, including materialsthat are conventionally utilized in footwear uppers. Accordingly, upper120 may be formed from one or more portions of leather, syntheticleather, natural or synthetic textiles, polymer sheets, polymer foams,mesh textiles, felts, non-woven polymers, or rubber materials, forexample. The upper 120 may be formed from one or more of these materialswherein the materials or portions thereof are stitched or adhesivelybonded together, e.g., in manners that are conventionally known and usedin the art.

Upper 120 may also include a heel element (not shown) and a toe element(not shown). The heel element, when present, may extend upward and alongthe interior surface of upper 120 in the heel region 113 to enhance thecomfort of footwear 100. The toe element, when present, may be locatedin forefoot region 111 and on an exterior surface of upper 120 toprovide wear-resistance, protect the wearer's toes, and assist withpositioning of the foot. In some embodiments, one or both of the heelelement and the toe element may be absent, or the heel element may bepositioned on an exterior surface of the upper 120, for example.Although the configuration of upper 120 discussed above is suitable forfootwear 100, upper 120 may exhibit the configuration of any desiredconventional or non-conventional upper structure without departing fromthis invention.

Sole structure 130 is secured to a lower surface of upper 120 and mayhave a generally conventional shape. The sole structure 130 may have amultipiece structure, e.g., one that includes a midsole 131, an outsole132, and a foot contacting member 133, which may be a sockliner, astrobel, an insole member, a bootie element, a sock, etc. (See FIGS.4-5). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-5, the foot contacting member133 is an insole member or sockliner. The term “foot contacting member,”as used herein does not necessarily imply direct contact with the user'sfoot, as another element may interfere with direct contact. Rather, thefoot contacting member forms a portion of the inner surface of thefoot-receiving chamber of an article of footwear. For example, the usermay be wearing a sock that interferes with direct contact. As anotherexample, the sensor system 12 may be incorporated into an article offootwear that is designed to slip over a shoe or other article offootwear, such as an external bootie element or shoe cover. In such anarticle, the upper portion of the sole structure may be considered afoot contacting member, even though it does not directly contact thefoot of the user.

Midsole member 131 may be an impact attenuating member. For example, themidsole member 131 may be formed of polymer foam material, such aspolyurethane, ethylvinylacetate, or other materials (such as phylon,phylite, etc.) that compress to attenuate ground or other contactsurface reaction forces during walking, running, jumping, or otheractivities. In some example structures according to this invention, thepolymer foam material may encapsulate or include various elements, suchas a fluid-filled bladder or moderator, that enhance the comfort,motion-control, stability, and/or ground or other contact surfacereaction force attenuation properties of footwear 100. In still otherexample structures, the midsole 131 may include additional elements thatcompress to attenuate ground or other contact surface reaction forces.For instance, the midsole may include column type elements to aid incushioning and absorption of forces.

Outsole 132 is secured to a lower surface of midsole 131 in thisillustrated example footwear structure 100 and is formed of awear-resistant material, such as rubber or a flexible syntheticmaterial, such as polyurethane, that contacts the ground or othersurface during ambulatory or other activities. The material formingoutsole 132 may be manufactured of suitable materials and/or textured toimpart enhanced traction and slip resistance. The structure and methodsof manufacturing the outsole 132 will be discussed further below. A footcontacting member 133 (which may be an insole member, a sockliner, abootie member, a strobel, a sock, etc.) is typically a thin,compressible member that may be located within the void in upper 120 andadjacent to a lower surface of the foot (or between the upper 120 andmidsole 131) to enhance the comfort of footwear 100. In somearrangements, an insole or sockliner may be absent, and in otherembodiments, the footwear 100 may have a foot contacting memberpositioned on top of an insole or sockliner.

The outsole 132 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a plurality of incisionsor sipes 136 in either or both sides of the outsole 132. These sipes 136may extend from the bottom of the outsole 132 to an upper portionthereof or to the midsole 131. In one arrangement, the sipes 136 mayextend from a bottom surface of the outsole 132 to a point halfwaybetween the bottom of the outsole 132 and the top of the outsole 132. Inanother arrangement, the sipes 136 may extend from the bottom of theoutsole 132 to a point greater than halfway to the top of the outsole132. In yet another arrangement, the sipes 136 may extend from thebottom of the outsole 132 to a point where the outsole 132 meets themidsole 131. The sipes 136 may provide additional flexibility to theoutsole 132, and thereby allow the outsole to more freely flex in thenatural directions in which the wearer's foot flexes. In addition, thesipes 136 may aid in providing traction for the wearer. It is understoodthat embodiments of the present invention may be used in connection withother types and configurations of shoes, as well as other types offootwear and sole structures.

FIGS. 3-5 illustrate exemplary embodiments of the footwear 100incorporating a sensor system 12 in accordance with the presentinvention. The sensor system 12 includes a force sensor assembly 13,having a plurality of sensors 16, and a communication or output port 14in communication with the sensor assembly 13 (e.g., electricallyconnected via conductors). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, thesystem 12 has four sensors 16: a first sensor 16A at the big toe (firstphalange) area of the shoe, two sensors 16B-C at the forefoot area ofthe shoe, including a second sensor 16B at the first metatarsal headregion and a third sensor 16C at the fifth metatarsal head region, and afourth sensor 16D at the heel. These areas of the foot typicallyexperience the greatest degree of pressure during movement. Theembodiment described below and shown in FIGS. 7-9 utilizes a similarconfiguration of sensors 16. Each sensor 16 is configured for detectinga force exerted by a user's foot on the sensor 16. The sensorscommunicate with the port 14 through sensor leads 18, which may be wireleads and/or another electrical conductor or suitable communicationmedium. For example, in one embodiment, the sensor leads 18 may be anelectrically conductive medium printed on the foot contacting member133, the midsole member 131, or another member of the sole structure130, such as a layer between the foot contacting member 133 and themidsole member 131.

Other embodiments of the sensor system 12 may contain a different numberor configuration of sensors 16, such as the embodiments described belowand shown in FIGS. 7-9 and generally include at least one sensor 16. Forexample, in one embodiment, the system 12 includes a much larger numberof sensors, and in another embodiment, the system 12 includes twosensors, one in the heel and one in the forefoot of the shoe 100. Inaddition, the sensors 16 may communicate with the port 14 in a differentmanner, including any known type of wired or wireless communication,including Bluetooth and near-field communication. A pair of shoes may beprovided with sensor systems 12 in each shoe of the pair, and it isunderstood that the paired sensor systems may operate synergistically ormay operate independently of each other, and that the sensor systems ineach shoe may or may not communicate with each other. The communicationof the sensor systems 12 is described in greater detail below. It isunderstood that the sensor system 12 may be provided with computerprograms/algorithms to control collection and storage of data (e.g.,pressure data from interaction of a user's foot with the ground or othercontact surface), and that these programs/algorithms may be stored inand/or executed by the sensors 16, the port 14, the module 22, and/orthe external device 110. The sensors 16 may include necessary components(e.g. a processor, memory, software, TX/RX, etc.) in order to accomplishstorage and/or execution of such computer programs/algorithms and/ordirect (wired or wireless) transmission of data and/or other informationto the port 14 and/or the external device 110.

The sensor system 12 can be positioned in several configurations in thesole 130 of the shoe 100. In the examples shown in FIGS. 4-5, the port14, the sensors 16, and the leads 18 can be positioned between themidsole 131 and the foot contacting member 133, such as by connectingthe port 14, the sensors 16, and/or the leads 18 to the top surface ofthe midsole 131 or the bottom surface of the foot contacting member 133.A cavity or well 135 can be located in the midsole 131 (FIG. 4) or inthe foot contacting member 133 (FIG. 5) for receiving an electronicmodule, as described below, and the port 14 may be accessible fromwithin the well 135. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the well 135 isformed by an opening in the upper major surface of the midsole 131, andin the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the well 135 is formed by an openingin the lower major surface of the foot contacting member 133 footcontacting member 133. The well 135 may be located elsewhere in the solestructure 130 in other embodiments. For example, the well 135 may belocated partially within both the foot contacting member 133 and themidsole member 131 in one embodiment, or the well 135 may be located inthe lower major surface of the midsole 131 or the upper major surface ofthe foot contacting member 133. In a further embodiment, the well 135may be located in the outsole 132 and may be accessible from outside theshoe 100, such as through an opening in the side, bottom, or heel of thesole 130. In the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 4-5, the port 14 iseasily accessible for connection or disconnection of an electronicmodule, as described below. In other embodiments, the sensor system 12can be positioned differently. For example, in one embodiment, the port14, the sensors 16, and/or the leads 18 can be positioned within theoutsole 132, midsole 131, or foot contacting member 133. In oneexemplary embodiment, the port 14, the sensors 16, and/or the leads 18may be positioned within a foot contacting member 133 positioned abovethe foot contacting member 133, such as a sock, sockliner, interiorfootwear bootie, or other similar article. In a further embodiment, theport 14, the sensors 16, and/or the leads 18 can be formed into aninsert or a liner, designed to be quickly and easily engaged with thesole structure 130, such as by inserting the insert between the footcontacting member 133 and the midsole 131, such as shown in FIGS. 4-5and 7-10. Still other configurations are possible, and some examples ofother configurations are described below. As discussed, it is understoodthat the sensor system 12 may be included in each shoe in a pair.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7-9, the sensors 16 are forcesensors for measuring stress, compression, or other force and/or energyexerted on or otherwise associated with the sole 130. For example, thesensors 16 may be or comprise force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors orother sensors utilizing a force-sensitive resistive material (such as aquantum tunneling composite, a custom conductive foam, or aforce-transducing rubber, described in more detail below), magneticresistance sensors, piezoelectric or piezoresistive sensors, straingauges, spring based sensors, fiber optic based sensors, polarized lightsensors, mechanical actuator based sensors, displacement based sensors,and/or any other types of known sensors or switches capable of measuringforce and/or compression of the foot contacting member 133, midsole 131,outsole 132, etc. A sensor may be or comprise an analog device or otherdevice that is capable of detecting or measuring force quantitatively,or it may simply be a binary-type ON/OFF switch (e.g., a siliconemembrane type switch). It is understood that quantitative measurementsof force by the sensors may include gathering and transmitting orotherwise making available data that can be converted into quantitativeforce measurements by an electronic device, such as the module 22 or theexternal device 110. Some sensors as described herein, such as piezosensors, force-sensitive resistor sensors, quantum tunneling compositesensors, custom conductive foam sensors, etc., can detect or measuredifferences or changes in resistance, capacitance, or electricpotential, such that the measured differential can be translated to aforce component. A spring-based sensor, as mentioned above, can beconfigured to measure deformation or change of resistance caused bypressure and/or deformation. A fiber optic based sensor, as describedabove, contains compressible tubes with a light source and a lightmeasurement device connected thereto. In such a sensor, when the tubesare compressed, the wavelength or other property of light within thetubes changes, and the measurement device can detect such changes andtranslate the changes into a force measurement. Nanocoatings could alsobe used, such as a midsole dipped into conductive material. Polarizedlight sensors could be used, wherein changes in light transmissionproperties are measured and correlated to the pressure or force exertedon the sole. One embodiment utilizes a multiple array (e.g. 100) ofbinary on/off sensors, and force components can be detected by“puddling” of sensor signals in specific areas. Still other types ofsensors not mentioned herein may be used. It is understood that thesensors can be relatively inexpensive and capable of being placed inshoes in a mass-production process. More complex sensor systems that maybe more expensive could be incorporated in a training type shoe. It isunderstood that a combination of different types of sensors may be usedin one embodiment.

Additionally, the sensors 16 may be placed or positioned in engagementwith the shoe structure in many different manners. In one example, thesensors 16 may be printed conductive ink sensors, electrodes, and/orleads deposited on a sole member, such as an airbag or otherfluid-filled chamber, a foam material, or another material for use inthe shoe 100, or a sock, bootie, insert, liner, insole, midsole, etc.The sensors 16 and/or leads 18 may be woven into garment or fabricstructures (such as sockliners, booties, uppers, inserts, etc.), e.g.,using conductive fabric or yarns when weaving or knitting the garment orfabric structures. Many embodiments of the sensor system 12 can be madeinexpensively, for example, by using a force-sensitive resistor sensoror a force-sensitive resistive material, as described below and shown inFIG. 9. It is understood that the sensors 16 and/or leads 18 also may bedeposited on or engaged with a portion of the shoe structure in anydesired manner, such as by conventional deposition techniques, byconductive nano-coating, by conventional mechanical connectors, and anyother applicable known method. The sensor system can also be configuredto provide mechanical feedback to the wearer. Additionally, the sensorsystem 12 may include a separate power lead to supply power or act as aground to the sensors 16. In the embodiments described below and shownin FIGS. 7-9, the sensor system 12 includes a separate power lead 18Athat is used to connect the sensors 16, to the port 14A-E to supplypower from the module 22 to the sensors 16. As a further example, thesensor system 12 can be made by incorporating printed conductive inksensors 16 or electrodes and conductive fabric or yarn leads 18, orforming such sensors on the foam or airbag of a shoe. Sensors 16 couldbe incorporated onto or into an airbag in a variety of manners. In oneembodiment, the sensors 16 could be made by printing a conductive,force-sensitive material on the airbag on one or more surfaces of theairbag to achieve a strain gauge-like effect. When the bag surfacesexpand and/or contract during activity, the sensors can detect suchchanges through changes in resistance of the force-sensitive material todetect the forces on the airbag. In a bag having internal fabrics tomaintain a consistent shape, conductive materials can be located on thetop and bottom of the airbag, and changes in the capacitance between theconductive materials as the bag expands and compresses can be used todetermine force. Further, devices that can convert changes in airpressure into an electrical signal can be used to determine force as theairbag is compressed.

The port 14 is configured for communication of data collected by thesensors 16 to an outside source, in one or more known manners. In oneembodiment, the port 14 is a universal communication port, configuredfor communication of data in a universally readable format. In theembodiments shown in FIGS. 3-5, the port 14 includes an interface 20 forconnection to an electronic module 22, shown in connection with the port14 in FIG. 3. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-5, the interface 20includes a plurality of electrical contacts, similarly to the interfaces320, et seq. described below. Additionally, in this embodiment, the port14 is associated with a housing 24 for insertion of the electronicmodule 22, located in the well 135 in the middle arch or midfoot regionof the article of footwear 100. The positioning of the port 14 in FIGS.3-5 not only presents minimal contact, irritation, or other interferencewith the user's foot, but also provides easy accessibility by simplylifting the foot contacting member 133. Additionally, as illustrated inFIG. 6, the sensor leads 18 also form a consolidated interface orconnection 19 at their terminal ends, in order to connect to the port 14and the port interface 14. In one embodiment, the consolidated interface19 may include individual connection of the sensor leads 18 to the portinterface 20, such as through a plurality of electrical contacts. Inanother embodiment, the sensor leads 18 could be consolidated to form anexternal interface, such as a plug-type interface, or in another manner,and in a further embodiment, the sensor leads 18 may form anon-consolidated interface, with each lead 18 having its ownsub-interface. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the sensor leads 18 canconverge to a single location to form the consolidated interface. Asalso described below, the module 22 may have an interface 23 forconnection to the port interface 20 and/or the sensor leads 18.

The port 14 is adapted for connection to one or a variety of differentelectronic modules 22, which may be as simple as a memory component(e.g., a flash drive) or which may contain more complex features. It isunderstood that the module 22 could be as complex a component as apersonal computer, mobile device, server, etc. The port 14 is configuredfor transmitting data gathered by the sensors 16 to the module 22 forstorage and/or processing. In another embodiment, the port 14 mayinclude necessary components (e.g. a processor, memory, software, TX/RX,etc.) in order to accomplish storage and/or execution of such computerprograms/algorithms and/or direct (wired or wireless) transmission ofdata and/or other information to an external device 110. Examples of ahousing and electronic modules in a footwear article are illustrated inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/416,458, published as U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2007/0260421, which is incorporated byreference herein and made part hereof. Although the port 14 isillustrated with electrical contacts forming an interface 20 forconnection to a module, in other embodiments, the port 14 may containone or more additional or alternate communication interfaces forcommunication with the sensors 16, the module 22, the external device110, and/or another component. For example, the port 14 may contain orcomprise a USB port, a Firewire port, 16-pin port, or other type ofphysical contact-based connection, or may include a wireless orcontactless communication interface, such as an interface for Wi-Fi,Bluetooth, near-field communication, RFID, Bluetooth Low Energy, Zigbee,or other wireless communication technique, or an interface for infraredor other optical communication technique (or combination of suchtechniques).

The port 14 and/or the module 22 may have one or more interfaces 20, 23,and the port 14 may have internal circuitry to connect all of the leads18, 18A to the interfaces 20, 23. Additionally, the module 22 may haveone or more interfaces 23 that are complementary to the interface(s) 20of the port 14, for connection thereto. For example, if the port 14 hasinterface(s) 20 in the side walls 139 and/or base wall 143 thereof, themodule 22 may have complementary interface(s) 23 in the side wallsand/or base wall as well. It is understood that the module 22 and theport 14 may not have identically complementary interfaces 20, 23, andthat only one pair of complementary interfaces 20, 23 may be able toachieve communication between the components. In other embodiments, theport 14 and the well 135 may have a different configuration forconnection of the leads 18, 18A. Additionally, the port 14 may have adifferent shape, which may enable a greater variety of connectionconfigurations. Further, any of the connection configurations describedherein, or combinations thereof, can be utilized with the variousembodiments of sensor systems described herein.

The module 22 may additionally have one or multiple communicationinterfaces for connecting to an external device 110 to transmit thedata, e.g. for processing, as described below and shown in FIG. 6. Suchinterfaces can include any of the contacted or contactless interfacesdescribed above. In one example, the module 22 includes at least aretractable USB connection for connection to a computer. In anotherexample, the module 22 may be configured for contacted or contactlessconnection to a mobile device, such as a watch, cell phone, portablemusic player, etc. The module 22 may be configured to be removed fromthe footwear 100 to be directly connected to the external device 110 fordata transfer, such as by the retractable USB connection described aboveor another connection interface. However, in another embodiment, themodule 22 may be configured for wireless communication with the externaldevice 110, which allows the device 22 to remain in the footwear 100 ifdesired. In a wireless embodiment, the module 22 may be connected to anantenna for wireless communication. The antenna may be shaped, sized,and positioned for use with the appropriate transmission frequency forthe selected wireless communication method. Additionally, the antennamay be located internally within the module 22 or external to the module22, such as at the port 14 or another location. In one example, thesensor system 12 itself (such as the leads 18 and conductive portions ofthe sensors 16) could be used to form an antenna in whole or in part. Itis understood that the module 22 may contain an antenna in addition toan antenna connected elsewhere in the sensor system 12, such as at theport 14, at one or more of the sensors 16, etc. In one embodiment, themodule 22 may be permanently mounted within the footwear 100, oralternately may be removable at the option of the user and capable ofremaining in the footwear 100 if desired. Additionally, as furtherexplained below, the module 22 may be removed and replaced with anothermodule 22 programmed and/or configured for gathering and/or utilizingdata from the sensors 16 in another manner. If the module 22 ispermanently mounted within the footwear 100, the sensor system 12 mayfurther contain an external port 15 to allow for data transfer and/orbattery charging, such as a USB or Firewire port. Such an external port15 may additionally or alternately be used for communication ofinformation. The module 22 may further be configured for contactlesscharging, such as inductive charging. It is understood that the module22 may be configured for contacted and/or contactless communication.

While the port 14 may be located in a variety of positions withoutdeparting from the invention, in one embodiment, the port 14 is providedat a position and orientation and/or is otherwise structured so as toavoid or minimize contact with and/or irritation of the wearer's foot,e.g., as the wearer steps down in and/or otherwise uses the article offootwear 100, such as during an athletic activity. The positioning ofthe port 14 in FIGS. 3-5 illustrates one such example. In anotherembodiment, the port 14 is located proximate the heel or instep regionsof the shoe 100. Other features of the footwear structure 100 may helpreduce or avoid contact between the wearer's foot and the port 14 (or anelement connected to the port 14) and improve the overall comfort of thefootwear structure 100. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 4-5, thefoot contacting member 133, or other foot contacting member, may fitover and at least partially cover the port 14, thereby providing a layerof padding between the wearer's foot and the port 14. Additionalfeatures for reducing contact between and modulating any undesired feelof the port 14 at the wearer's foot may be used. Of course, if desired,the opening to the port 14 may be provided through the top surface ofthe foot contacting member 133 without departing from the invention.Such a construction may be used, for example, when the housing 24,electronic module 22, and other features of the port 14 includestructures and/or are made from materials so as to modulate the feel atthe user's foot, when additional comfort and feel modulating elementsare provided, etc. Any of the various features described above that helpreduce or avoid contact between the wearer's foot and a housing (or anelement received in the housing) and improve the overall comfort of thefootwear structure may be provided without departing from thisinvention, including the various features described above in conjunctionwith FIGS. 4-5, as well as other known methods and techniques.

In one embodiment, where the port 14 is configured for contactedcommunication with a module 22 contained in a well 135 in the solestructure 130, the port 14 is positioned within or immediately adjacentthe well 135, for connection to the module 22. It is understood that ifthe well 135 further contains a housing 24 for the module 22, thehousing 24 may be configured for connection to the interface 20, such asby providing physical space for the interface 20 or by providinghardware for interconnection between the interface 20 and the module 22.The positioning of the interface 20 in FIG. 3 illustrates one suchexample, where the housing 24 provides physical space to receive theinterface 20 for connection to the module 22.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an example electronic module 22including data transmission/reception capabilities through a datatransmission/reception system 106, which may be used in accordance withat least some examples of this invention. While the example structuresof FIG. 6 illustrate the data transmission/reception system (TX-RX) 106as integrated into the electronic module structure 22, those skilled inthe art will appreciate that a separate component may be included aspart of a footwear structure 100 or other structure for datatransmission/reception purposes and/or that the datatransmission/reception system 106 need not be entirely contained in asingle housing or a single package in all examples of the invention.Rather, if desired, various components or elements of the datatransmission/reception system 106 may be separate from one another, indifferent housings, on different boards, and/or separately engaged withthe article of footwear 100 or other device in a variety of differentmanners without departing from this invention. Various examples ofdifferent potential mounting structures are described in more detailbelow.

In the example of FIG. 6, the electronic module 22 may include a datatransmission/reception element 106 for transmitting data to and/orreceiving data from one or more remote systems. In one embodiment, thetransmission/reception element 106 is configured for communicationthrough the port 14, such as by the contacted or contactless interfacesdescribed above. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the module 22includes an interface 23 configured for connection to the port 14 and/orsensors 16. In the module 22 illustrated in FIG. 3, the interface 23 hascontacts that are complementary with the contacts of the interface 20 ofthe port 14, to connect with the port 14. In other embodiments, asdescribed above, the port 14 and the module 22 may contain differenttypes of interfaces 20, 23, which may be wired or wireless. It isunderstood that in some embodiments, the module 22 may interface withthe port 14 and/or sensors 16 through the TX-RX element 106.Accordingly, in one embodiment, the module 22 may be external to thefootwear 100, and the port 14 may comprise a wireless transmitterinterface for communication with the module 22. The electronic module 22of this example further includes a processing system 202 (e.g., one ormore microprocessors), a memory system 204, and a power supply 206(e.g., a battery or other power source). The power supply 206 may supplypower to the sensors 16 and/or other components of the sensor system 12.The shoe 100 may additionally or alternately include a separate powersource to operate the sensors 16 if necessary, such as a battery,piezoelectric, solar power supplies, or others.

Connection to the one or more sensors can be accomplished through TX-RXelement 106, and additional sensors (not shown) may be provided to senseor provide data or information relating to a wide variety of differenttypes of parameters. Examples of such data or information includephysical or physiological data associated with use of the article offootwear 100 or the user, including pedometer type speed and/or distanceinformation, other speed and/or distance data sensor information,temperature, altitude, barometric pressure, humidity, GPS data,accelerometer output or data, heart rate, pulse rate, blood pressure,body temperature, EKG data, EEG data, data regarding angular orientationand changes in angular orientation (such as a gyroscope-based sensor),etc., and this data may be stored in memory 204 and/or made available,for example, for transmission by the transmission/reception system 106to some remote location or system. The additional sensor(s), if present,may also include an accelerometer (e.g., for sensing direction changesduring steps, such as for pedometer type speed and/or distanceinformation, for sensing jump height, etc.).

As additional examples, electronic modules, systems, and methods of thevarious types described above may be used for providing automatic impactattenuation control for articles of footwear. Such systems and methodsmay operate, for example, like those described in U.S. Pat. No.6,430,843, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0009913, andU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0177531, which describesystems and methods for actively and/or dynamically controlling theimpact attenuation characteristics of articles of footwear (U.S. Pat.No. 6,430,843, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0009913, andU.S. patent application Publication No. 2004/0177531 each are entirelyincorporated herein by reference and made part hereof). When used forproviding speed and/or distance type information, sensing units,algorithms, and/or systems of the types described in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,724,265, 5,955,667, 6,018,705, 6,052,654, 6,876,947 and 6,882,955 maybe used. These patents each are entirely incorporated herein byreference.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6, an electronic module 22 can include anactivation system (not shown). The activation system or portions thereofmay be engaged with the module 22 or with the article of footwear 100(or other device) together with or separate from other portions of theelectronic module 22. The activation system may be used for selectivelyactivating the electronic module 22 and/or at least some functions ofthe electronic module 22 (e.g., data transmission/reception functions,etc.). A wide variety of different activation systems may be usedwithout departing from this invention. In one example, the sensor system12 may be activated and/or deactivated by activating the sensors 16 in aspecific pattern, such as consecutive or alternating toe/heel taps, or athreshold force exerted on one or more sensors 16. In another example,the sensor system 12 may be activated by a button or switch, which maybe located on the module 22, on the shoe 100, or on an external devicein communication with the sensor system 12, as well as other locations.In any of these embodiments, the sensor system 12 may contain a “sleep”mode, which can deactivate the system 12 after a set period ofinactivity. In one embodiment, the sensor system 12 may return to“sleep” mode if no further activity occurs in a short time afteractivation, in case of unintentional activation. In an alternateembodiment, the sensor system 12 may operate as a low-power device thatdoes not activate or deactivate.

The module 22 may further be configured for communication with anexternal device 110, which may be an external computer or computersystem, mobile device, gaming system, or other type of electronicdevice, as shown in FIG. 6. The exemplary external device 110 shown inFIG. 6 includes a processor 302, a memory 304, a power supply 306, adisplay 308, a user input 310, and a data transmission/reception system108. The transmission/reception system 108 is configured forcommunication with the module 22 via the transmission/reception system106 of the module 22, through any type of known electroniccommunication, including the contacted and contactless communicationmethods described above and elsewhere herein. It is understood that themodule 22 can be configured for communication with a plurality ofexternal devices, including a wide variety of different types andconfigurations of electronic devices, and that the device(s) with whichthe module 22 communicates can change over time. Additionally, thetransmission/reception system 106 of the module 22 may be configured fora plurality of different types of electronic communication. It isfurther understood that the external device 110 as described herein maybe embodied by two or more external devices in communication with themodule 22, the port 14, and/or each other, including one or moreintermediate devices that pass information to the external device 110,and that the processing, execution of programs/algorithms, and otherfunctions of the external device 110 may be performed by a combinationof external devices.

Many different types of sensors can be incorporated into sensor systemsaccording to the present invention. FIGS. 7-10 illustrate one exampleembodiment of a sole structure 130 for a shoe 100 that contains a sensorsystem 212 that includes a sensor assembly 213 incorporating a pluralityof force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors 216. The sensor system 212 issimilar to the sensor system 12 described above, and also includes aport 14 in communication with an electronic module 22 and a plurality ofleads 218 connecting the FSR sensors 216 to the port 14. The module 22is contained within a housing 24 in a well or cavity 135 in the solestructure 130 of the shoe 100, and the port 14 is connected to the well135 to enable connection to the module 22 within the well 135. The port14 and the module 22 include complementary interfaces 220, 223 forconnection and communication. The sensors 216 and sensor leads 218 ofthe sensor system 212 are positioned on an insert 237 that is adapted tobe engaged with the sole structure 130. In the embodiment shown in FIGS.7-10, the insert 237 is positioned on top of the midsole 131, betweenthe foot contacting member 133 and the midsole 131 of the sole structure130, and the housing 24 is positioned within a well 135 in the midsole131 and is covered by the foot contacting member 133. During assembly,the insert 237 can be inserted above the midsole member 131 (and abovethe strobel, if present) during manufacturing of the shoe 100 afterconnection of the upper 120 to the midsole 131 and outsole 132, and thenthe foot-contacting member 133 can be inserted over the sensor system212, although other assembly methods can be used. In other embodiments,the sensor system 212 can be differently configured or positioned, suchas by placing the insert 237, the sensors 216, and/or the port 14 in adifferent location. For example, the well 135, the housing 24 and/or theport 14 may be positioned wholly or partially within the foot contactingmember 133, as shown in FIG. 5, or the sensor system 212 and/or theinsert 237 can be positioned on top of the foot contacting member 133.Any of the configurations of sensor systems, including any of the typesand configurations of sensors, ports, inserts, etc., shown and describedin U.S. Patent Application Publications Nos. 2010/0063778 and2010/0063779, both filed on Jun. 12, 2009, can be used, whichapplications are incorporated by reference herein in their entiretiesand made part hereof. It is understood that the sensor system 12 shownin FIGS. 3-5 can have a configuration similar to the sensor system 212of FIGS. 7-10, or any other configuration described herein, includingany configuration shown and described in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublications Nos. 2010/0063778 and 2010/0063779.

The sensor system 212 in FIGS. 7-10 includes four sensors 216, with afirst sensor 216 positioned in the first phalange (big toe) area, asecond sensor 216 positioned in the first metatarsal head area, a thirdsensor 216 positioned in the fifth metatarsal head area, and a fourthsensor 216 positioned in the heel area. The sensors 216 each have asensor lead 218 connecting the sensor 216 to the port 14. Additionally,a power lead 218A extends from the port 14 and is connected to all foursensors 216. The power lead 218A may be connected in a parallel, series,or other configuration in various embodiments, and each sensor 216 mayhave an individual power lead in another embodiment All of the leads218, 218A are connected to the port 14 for connection and transfer ofdata to a module 22 connected to the port 14. It is understood that theport 14 may have any configuration described herein. In this embodiment,the leads 218, 218A are positioned suitably for a 5-pin connection.

The FSR sensors 216 shown in FIGS. 7-9 contain first and secondelectrodes or electrical contacts 240, 242 and a force-sensitiveresistive material 244 disposed between the electrodes 240, 242 toelectrically connect the electrodes 240, 242 together. Whenforce/pressure is applied to the force-sensitive material 244, theresistivity and/or conductivity of the force-sensitive material 244changes, which changes the electrical potential and/or the currentbetween the electrodes 240, 242. The change in resistance can bedetected by the sensor system 212 to detect the force applied on thesensor 216. The force-sensitive resistive material 244 may change itsresistance under pressure in a variety of ways. For example, theforce-sensitive material 244 may have an internal resistance thatdecreases when the material is compressed, similar to the quantumtunneling composites described in greater detail below. Furthercompression of this material may further decrease the resistance,allowing quantitative measurements, as well as binary (on/off)measurements. In some circumstances, this type of force-sensitiveresistive behavior may be described as “volume-based resistance,” andmaterials exhibiting this behavior may be referred to as “smartmaterials.” As another example, the material 244 may change theresistance by changing the degree of surface-to-surface contact. Thiscan be achieved in several ways, such as by using microprojections onthe surface that raise the surface resistance in an uncompressedcondition, where the surface resistance decreases when themicroprojections are compressed, or by using a flexible electrode thatcan be deformed to create increased surface-to-surface contact withanother electrode. This surface resistance may be the resistance betweenthe material 244 and the electrode 240, 242 and/or the surfaceresistance between a conducting layer (e.g. carbon/graphite) and aforce-sensitive layer (e.g. a semiconductor) of a multi-layer material244. The greater the compression, the greater the surface-to-surfacecontact, resulting in lower resistance and enabling quantitativemeasurement. In some circumstances, this type of force-sensitiveresistive behavior may be described as “contact-based resistance.” It isunderstood that the force-sensitive resistive material 244, as definedherein, may be or include a doped or non-doped semiconducting material.

The electrodes 240, 242 of the FSR sensor 216 can be formed of anyconductive material, including metals, carbon/graphite fibers orcomposites, other conductive composites, conductive polymers or polymerscontaining a conductive material, conductive ceramics, dopedsemiconductors, or any other conductive material. The leads 218 can beconnected to the electrodes 240, 242 by any suitable method, includingwelding, soldering, brazing, adhesively joining, fasteners, or any otherintegral or non-integral joining method. Alternately, the electrode 240,242 and associated lead 218 may be formed of a single piece of the samematerial. As described below, the force sensitive resistive material 244can be carbon (such as carbon black) in one embodiment, however othertypes of sensors may utilize a different type of force-sensitiveresistive material 244, such as a quantum tunneling composite, a customconductive foam, a force transducing rubber, and other force-sensitiveresistive materials described herein.

In the example embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-9, the electrodes 240, 242 ofthe FSR sensor 216 have a plurality of interlocking or intermeshingfingers 246, with the force-sensitive resistive material 244 positionedbetween the fingers 246 to electrically connect the electrodes 240, 242to each other. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, each of the leads 218independently supplies power from the module 22 to the sensor 216 towhich each respective lead 218 is connected. It is understood that thesensor leads 218 may include separate leads extending from eachelectrode 240, 242 to the port 14, and that the module 22 may provideelectrical power to the electrodes 240, 242 through such separate leads,such as through a separate power lead 218A.

Force-sensitive resistors suitable for use in the sensor system 212 arecommercially available from sources such as Sensitronics LLC. Examplesof force-sensitive resistors which may be suitable for use are shown anddescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,314,227 and 6,531,951, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties and made partshereof.

In the embodiment of the sensor system 212 shown in FIGS. 7-10, eachsensor 216 includes two contacts 240, 242 constructed of a conductivemetallic layer and a carbon layer (such as carbon black) forming acontact surface on the metallic layer (not shown). The sensors 216 alsoinclude a force-sensitive resistive material 244 that is constructed ofa layer or puddle of carbon (such as carbon black), which is in contactwith the carbon contact surfaces of the electrodes 240, 242. Thecarbon-on-carbon contact can produce greater conductivity changes underpressure, increasing the effectiveness of the sensors 216. The leads218, 218A in this embodiment are constructed of a conductive metallicmaterial that may be the same as the material of the metallic layer ofthe contacts 240, 242. In one embodiment, the leads 218, 218A and themetallic layers of the contacts 240, 242 are constructed of silver.

As shown in FIG. 9, in this example embodiment, the sensor system 212 isconstructed of two flexible layers 241 and 245 that combine to form aninsert member 237 for insertion into an article of footwear, such asbetween the foot contacting member 133 and the midsole member 131 asdiscussed above. The layers 241, 245 can be formed of any flexiblematerial, such as a flexible polymer material. In one embodiment, thelayers 241, 245 are formed of a 0.05-0.2 mm thick pliable thin Mylarmaterial. The insert 237 is constructed by first depositing theconductive metallic material on the first layer 241, such as byprinting, in the traced pattern of the leads 218, 218A and theelectrodes 240, 242 of the sensors 216, to form the configuration shownin FIGS. 7-9. Then, the additional carbon contact layer is deposited onthe first layer 241, tracing over the electrodes 240, 242 of the sensors216, and the carbon force-sensitive resistive material 244 is depositedas puddles on the second layer 245, as also shown in FIG. 9. After allthe materials have been deposited, the layers 241, 245 are positioned ina superimposed manner, as shown in FIG. 9, so that the electrodes 240,242 are aligned with the puddles of force-sensitive resistive material244, to form the insert member 237 for insertion into the article offootwear 100. It is understood that the conductive metallic material andthe carbon material 244 are deposited on the faces of the layers 266,268 that face each other (e.g. the top surface of the bottom-most layer266, 268 and the bottom surface of the top-most layer 266, 268). In oneembodiment, the sensor system 212 constructed in this manner can detectpressures in the range of 10-750 kPa. In addition, the sensor system 212may be capable of detecting pressures throughout at least a portion ofthis range with high sensitivity. The insert member 237 may furtherinclude one or more additional layers, such as a graphic layer (notshown).

FIGS. 11-85 illustrate various embodiments of ports 14 that can be usedwith sensor systems 12, 212 as shown in FIGS. 1-10, or with otherembodiments of sensor systems, as well as modules 22 that can be used inconnection with such ports 14. Some of these embodiments may includeretaining structures and other specific structures for the ports 14,modules 22, and other components. Any of such embodiments may be adaptedto provide alternative or additional retaining structures or otherstructures, including structures and features described herein withrespect to other embodiments, as well as structures and features notdescribed herein. FIGS. 11-18A illustrate one embodiment of a port 314that can be used in connection with a sensor system 312 according toaspects and features described herein. FIGS. 11-18A illustrate the port314 as part of the sensor system 312 configured similarly to the sensorsystem 212 described above, with four sensors 316 positioned in thefirst phalange (big toe) area, the first metatarsal head area, the fifthmetatarsal head area, and the heel area. The sensors 316 may be FSRsensors or a different type of sensor, as described above, and in oneembodiment, the sensor system 312 may utilize two or more differenttypes of sensors. The sensors 316 and the leads 318, including the powerlead 318A, are disposed on an insert 337 that is positioned to engagethe midsole member 131 of the sole structure 130 of an article offootwear, similarly to the sensor system 212 described above and shownin FIGS. 7-10. Additionally, the port 314 includes an interface 320 forelectrical connection to an electronic module 322, and the sensor leads318, 318A all end at the interface 320. The port 314 is at leastpartially received in a well 135 in the sole structure 130, and in thisembodiment, the well 135 is located entirely within the midsole member131.

One embodiment of an electronic module 322 as described above isillustrated in FIGS. 11-18A. The shape of the module 322 is generallyrectangular at the front end, with a rounded rear end, as seen in FIGS.14-17. As seen in FIGS. 12-18, the module 322 also has a lip or flange351 located around the rounded rear end and extending outward from thebody of the module 322. The module 322 has an interface 323 at the frontend thereof, having one or more electrical contacts 353 and beingadapted for forming an electrical connection with the interface 320 ofthe port 314. The contacts 353 in this embodiment are in the form ofelectrical contact springs 353 with contact surfaces 354 that extendslightly outwardly from the module 322. The module 322 may include anyadditional features described herein, such as in FIGS. 6 and 86,including any necessary hardware and software for collecting,processing, and/or transmitting data.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11-18A, the port 314 includes ahousing 324 that is adapted to be received in the well 135 of the solestructure 130 and the interface 320 engaged with the housing 324. Asshown in FIG. 11, the housing 324 in this embodiment is engaged with theinsert 337 of the sensor system 312, and is positioned in an opening 347in the insert 337 to be accessible through the insert 337. In otherembodiments, the housing 324 may be differently configured with respectto the insert 337, such as being positioned below the insert 337 so thatthe insert 337 must be raised to access the housing 324. The housing 324has a chamber 348 that is defined by a plurality of side walls 339 and abottom wall 343 and is adapted to receive the module 322 therein. Inthis embodiment, the chamber 348 is substantially rectangular anddefined by four side walls 339, with one side wall 339 being curvedsimilarly to the rear end of the module 322, but the chamber 348 mayhave a different shape in other embodiments, such as some embodimentsdescribed below. The well 135 may be complementarily dimensioned withthe housing 324 to fit the housing 324 within, and may further include abonding material (e.g. elastomeric material) or other connection tosecure the housing 324 and/or other components within the well 135. Itis understood that if a housing 324 is not utilized, the well 135 may bedimensioned to hold the module 322 in the same manner. The same is trueof other housings, wells, and modules described herein with respect toother embodiments, any of which may include such complementarilydimensioned structures.

The housing 324 also includes retaining structure to retain the module322 within the chamber 348. In this embodiment, the retaining structureincludes a retaining member 349 adapted to engage the module 322 andexert a downward retaining force on the module 322. The retaining member349 includes at least one resilient retaining tab 349. In the embodimentshown in FIGS. 11-18A, the housing 324 includes one retaining tab 349positioned on the rounded side wall 339 of the chamber 348, at theopposite end of the chamber 348 from the interface 320. As shown inFIGS. 12-13, the module 322 can be inserted into the chamber 348 byfirst placing the front of the module 322 in position so the moduleinterface 323 is proximate the port interface 320 and then pressing theback of the module 322 downward. The retaining tab 349 is resilient andhas a ramped surface 349A that help guide the module 322 and permit themodule 322 to pass by, whereupon the tab 349 is received in the notch350 in the module 322 to retain the module 322 within the chamber 348.Additionally, the engagement between the tab 349 and the module 322exerts a forward force on the module 322, pushing the interface 323 ofthe module 322 into contact with the interface 320 of the port 314.

In this embodiment, the housing 324 also has a recess 352 formed by arounded platform 352A located in the rounded side wall 339 of thehousing 324. When the module 322 is received in the chamber 348, the lip351 of the module 322. is at least partially received in the recess 352,and the recess 352 provides room for the lip 351 of the module 322 to beaccessed by a user. To remove the module 322, the user can pull or prythe module 322 out of the chamber 348 by use of the lip 351, exertingsufficient force to separate the tab 349 from the notch 350 in themodule 322 to enable the module 322 to be released from the chamber 348.

The interface 320 is engaged with the housing 324 and is adapted forelectrical connection to the module interface 323 when the module 322 isreceived in the chamber 348. The interface 320 contains one or moreelectrical contacts 356 having contact surfaces 357 that are exposed tothe chamber 348 and are adapted to form an electrical connection byengaging the contact surface(s) 354 of the electrical contact(s) 353 ofthe module interface 323. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 11-18A,the contacts 356 of the interface 320 are in the form of contact pads356 that are held in place by a support structure 363 that engages thesensor leads 318 and hold the contact pads 356 in place at the front endof the chamber 348, in position to engage the contacts 353 of the module322, as described below. The contact springs 353 of the module 322 areflexible and can flex slightly inwardly when they engage the contactpads 356 of the port interface 320. Additionally, the contact springs353 are biased outwardly when flexed by engagement with the contact pads356, in order to provide more secure engagement between the contacts 353of the module 322 and the contacts 356 of the port 314. FIGS. 12-13illustrate flexing of the contact springs 353.

In this embodiment, the support structure 363 holds the contacts 356 sothat the contact surfaces 357 are at least partially exposed to thechamber 348 for engagement by the module 322. The support structure 363is engaged with the housing 324 to properly position the contacts 356.As shown in FIGS. 12, 13, and 18A, the support structure 363 isconnected to the side wall 339 at the front end of the housing 324opposite the retaining tab 349. Additionally, the housing 324 has a slot361 along the front side wall 339 that is configured to receive amounting portion 363A of the support structure 363 therein, to connectthe support structure 363 to the housing 324 and mount the supportstructure 363 within the chamber. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18A,the mounting portion 363A of the support structure 363 comprises aplurality of legs 363A that are received in the slot 361. The contacts356 of the interface 320 are each connected to one of the sensor leads318, 318A of the sensor system 312, in order to form an electricalconnection for communication between the sensors 316 and the module 322.As shown in FIG. 18A, the sensor leads 318, 318A are bound together nearthe interface 320 with a band or strip 362 of Mylar or other materialand are connected to the support structure 363, which are adapted forconnection with the contacts 356 of the interface 320. The supportstructure 363 has crimping portions 363B that are crimped around theends of the sensor leads 318, 318A to form an electrical connection. Thecrimping portions 363B may extend through the band 362. The supportstructure 363 is also engaged with the contact pads 356, as shown inFIGS. 12-13. In other embodiments, the sensor leads 318, 318A may beconnected to the interface 320 in another manner, such as in theconfigurations described below with respect to other embodiments.

FIGS. 19-21 illustrate another embodiment of a port 414, illustratedwithin a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article of footwear.Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable to featuresof the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, and suchfeatures are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“4xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port414 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 414 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 414 has an interface 420 with electricalcontacts (not shown) located within a boot or sleeve 471 extending intoa well 135 in the midsole 131. The port 414 does not contain a housingin this embodiment, and the well 135 functions as the chamber forreceiving the module 422, although the port 414 may be provided with ahousing in other embodiments. The module 422 has a shape that isgenerally the same as, or otherwise complementarily dimensioned with,the well 135. The module 422 has a plug 471A with an interface 423located thereon, which includes electrical contact pads 453. The plug471A is adapted to be received within the boot 471, and the boot 471 ispivotable or otherwise moveable within the well 135 for facilitatedconnection with the module 422, as shown in FIGS. 48-49. When the plug471A is received within the boot 471, the interface 423 of the module422 engages the interface 420 of the port 414 to form an electricalconnection. The module 422 and the boot 471 can then be pivoteddownwardly to fit the module 422 snugly within the well 135. Removal ofthe module 422 can be accomplished through reversal of such actions. Itis understood that the interface 420 of the port 414 may be connected toa sensor system 12, 212, 312 as described above. Additionally, the boot471 may be made partially or entirely of an elastomeric material thatcompresses when the plug 471A is inserted into the boot 471, in order tocreate a snug, water-tight seal. It is understood that in thisembodiment, such a seal may be snug or water-tight, or both snug andwater-tight. The same is true of other embodiments described herein assnug and/or water-tight. Further, either or both of the module 422 andthe well 135 may include an elastomeric material at their respectivesurfaces of engagement, to snugly retain the module 422 within the well135.

FIGS. 22-24 illustrate another embodiment of a port 514, illustratedwithin a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article of footwear.Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable to featuresof the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, and suchfeatures are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“5xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port514 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 514 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 514 has an interface 520 with electricalcontacts 556 located on a plug 569. In one embodiment, the plug 569 maybe in the form of a Mylar strip treated with a rigid coating, extendingover a well 135 in the midsole 131. The port 514 does not contain ahousing in this embodiment, and the well 135 functions as the chamberfor receiving the module 522, although the port 514 may be provided witha housing in other embodiments. The module 522 has a shape that iscomplementary with the shape of the well 135. The module 522 has aninterface 523 within an opening 569A on the end thereof, which includeselectrical contacts in the form of foam connection strips (e.g. Zebrastrips) (not shown). The opening 569A is dimensioned to removablyreceive the plug 569. When the module 522 is inserted into the well 135,the plug 569 is received in the opening 569A on the module 522, as shownin FIG. 53, and the interface 523 of the module 522 engages theinterface 520 of the port 514 to form an electrical connection. The well135 is oversized to permit the module 522 to be inserted by sliding themodule 522 forward so that the plug 569 is received in the opening 569A.The well 135, the module 522, or other components may contain “lead-in”geometry to guide connection, which can include complementary groovesand ridges and/or flaring, such as flaring of the opening 569A.Additionally, the plug 569 and opening 569A may be respectivelydimensioned to retain a proper electric connection if the module 522slides within the oversized well 135. The well 135 may be providedslightly loose to ease removable insertion or, as generally statedabove, may be smaller than the module 522 in one or more dimensions toenhance retention. It is understood that the interface 520 of the port514 may be connected to a sensor system 12, 212, 312 as described above.Additionally, the opening 569A contain an elastomeric material thatcompresses when the plug 569 is inserted into the opening 569A, in orderto create a snug, water-tight seal. Further, the module 522 has a detent572 on the top surface thereof to facilitate manipulation by a user'sfinger.

FIGS. 25-27 illustrate another embodiment of a port 614, illustratedwithin a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article of footwear.Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable to featuresof the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, and suchfeatures are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“6xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port614 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 614 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 614 has an interface 620 with electricalcontacts (not shown) located within a boot or sleeve 671 extending intoa well 135 in the midsole 131. The port 614 does not contain a housingin this embodiment, and the well 135 functions as the chamber forreceiving the module 622, although the port 614 may be provided with ahousing in other embodiments. The module 622 has a shape that iscomplementary with the shape of the well 135. The module 622 has a plug671A with an interface 623 located thereon, which includes electricalcontact pads 653. The plug 671A is adapted to be received within theboot 671 that is rigidly fixed at one end of the well 135. When the plug671A is received within the boot 671, the interface 623 of the module622 engages the interface 620 of the port 614 to form an electricalconnection. The well 135 is oversized longitudinally to permit themodule 622 to be inserted into the well 135 by sliding the plug 671Ainto the boot 671, as shown in FIG. 26. As such, the oversized well 135enables the removable insertion and sliding in the longitudinaldirection. In the lateral dimension, the well 135 may be undersized toenhance retention of the module 622. It is understood that the interface620 of the port 614 may be connected to a sensor system 12, 212, 312 asdescribed above. Additionally, the boot 671 may be made partially orentirely of an elastomeric material that compresses when the plug 671Ais inserted into the boot 671, in order to create a snug, water-tightseal. The boot 671 may additionally or alternately include plasticsufficiently hard so as to enable “snap” features, so as to give theuser tactile feedback (e.g., as to full insertion) and/or as a retainingstructure. Further, either or both of the module 422 and the well 135may include an elastomeric material at their respective surfaces ofengagement, to snugly retain the module 422 within the well 135.

FIGS. 28-29 illustrate another embodiment of a port 714, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“7xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port714 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 714 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 714 has an interface 720 with electricalcontact pads 756 on the bottom wall 743 of the housing 724. The housing724 has a chamber 748 defined by a plurality of side walls 739 and thebottom wall 743. In an example embodiment, the housing 724 has a squaredor rectangular shape on one end and a rounded shape on the opposite end.The housing 724 may be rigid, semi-rigid, or having selected rigidityamong its components. The module 722 and chamber 748 have complementaryengaging shapes. In an example embodiment, the complementary engagingshapes provide or promote a friction-fit when the module 722 is insertedinto the chamber 748. In one or more embodiments, the respectiverigidity and other physical characteristics of the module 722 andhousing 724 are provided so as to provide or promote the friction-fit.The module 722 has an interface 723 on the bottom surface thereof, whichincludes contact pads 753, but may alternately include contact springs,or another type of electrical contact. When the module 722 is insertedinto the housing, the interface of the module engages the interface 720of the port 714 to form an electrical connection. It is understood thatthe interface 720 of the port 714 may be connected to a sensor system12, 212, 312 as described above. Additionally, the module 722 may havean elastomeric ridge or other structure 765, around one or more edgesthereof, which compresses when the module 722 is inserted into thehousing 724. In example embodiments, an elastomeric structure may bedisposed completely or partially around the module's respective edge. Inthese or other example embodiments (e.g., with or without the module 722having a structure 765), the housing 724 may have one or moreelastomeric ridges or structures 765 disposed on one or more of itswalls, e.g., wholly or partially around the chamber 748, or in variouscombinations. In example embodiments, the housing 724 and the module 722may have respective one or more elastomeric ridge(s) or otherstructure(s). In some of these example embodiments, the structures 765may be complementarily shaped and/or disposed, e.g., so as to (i) beseparate from each other (e.g., a housing structure 765 may be disposedon a wall adjacent the bottom of the chamber 748 while a modulestructure 765 may be disposed adjacent its top surface so as to adjointhe chamber's upper rim when the module is inserted in the chamber,and/or (ii) mate with each other when the module 722 is inserted in thechamber 748. It is understood that any one or more of such elastomericridge(s) or structure(s) 765 may be provided in order to enhance thefriction fit between the module 722 and the walls 739 of the housing 724and/or to create a snug, water-tight seal. Further, in an exampleembodiment, the housing 724 may have a notch 765A in one of the sidewalls 739, to permit easier access to remove the module 722, such aswith a fingernail or a screwdriver or other tool. In any suchembodiment, one or more elastomeric structures 765 may be disposed so asto provide a seal between the notch 765A and the chamber 748.

FIGS. 30-31 illustrate another embodiment of a port 814, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“8xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port814 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 814 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 814 has an interface 820 with electricalcontact pads 856 on a post 866 extending upward from the bottom wall 843of the housing 824. The housing 824 may be a semi-rigid structure in oneembodiment, and has a chamber 848 defined by a plurality of side walls839 and the bottom wall 843, having a squared or rectangular shape onone end and a rounded shape on the opposite end. The chamber 848 mayhave a different shape in other embodiments. The module 822 has a shapethat is the same as the chamber 848. The module 822 has an interface 823on the bottom surface thereof, which may include contact pads, contactsprings, or another type of electrical contact. The module 822 alsoincludes a recess 866A on the bottom surface, and the contacts 853 ofthe interface 823 are located within the recess 866A. When the module822 is inserted into the housing, the post 866 of the housing 824 isreceived in the recess 866A on the module 822, and the interface 823 ofthe module 822 engages the interface 820 of the port 814 to form anelectrical connection. It is understood that the interface 820 of theport 814 may be connected to a sensor system 12, 212, 312 as describedabove. Additionally, the housing 824 has an elastomeric gasket 865 orother elastomeric structure around the edges of the post 866, whichcompresses when the module 822 is inserted into the housing 824, inorder to enhance the friction fit with the recess of the module 822 andto create a snug, water-tight seal. The module 822 may have anelastomeric seal, in addition to or instead of the elastomeric gasket865 of the housing 824, to perform the same function(s). Further, thehousing 824 has a notch 865A in one of the side walls 839, to permiteasier access to remove the module 822, such as with a fingernail or ascrewdriver or other tool. In any such embodiment, one or moreelastomeric structures may be disposed so as to provide a seal betweenthe notch 865A and the chamber 848.

FIGS. 32-34 illustrate another embodiment of a port 914, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“9xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port914 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 914 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 914 has an interface 920 with electricalcontact pads 956 that have circular shapes and are arrangedconcentrically on the bottom wall 943 of the housing 924. The housing924 is a semi-rigid structure in one embodiment, and has a chamber 948defined by side walls 939 having a circular or substantially circularcross-section, and a bottom wall 943, having a circular or substantiallycircular shape, such that the walls 939, 943 form a chamber ofcylindrical or substantially cylindrical geometry. The module 922 alsohas a disk-like shape, such that the module 922 and chamber 948 havecomplementary engaging shapes. The module 922 has an interface 923 onthe bottom surface thereof, which may include annular contact pads 953,but may also include contact springs, a different type of contact pad,or another type of electrical contact. The interface 920 of the port 914may have similar contact structures. The module 922 also includesprojections 967 on opposite sides thereof, the housing has elongated,ramped grooves 968 in the side walls 939 that extend from the top of thehousing 924 downward. When the module 922 is inserted into the housing,the projections 967 of the module 922 are received in the grooves 968,as shown in FIG. 33, and the module 922 is then rotated so theprojections 967 travel within the grooves 968 to lock the module 922within the housing 924. The locking may occur at a predeterminedrotation, e.g. a quarter turn. Additionally, the connection between theprojections 967 and the grooves 968 may be enhanced by additionalstructure, such as a biasing member (not shown) to engage the module922, so that the projections 967 are urged into the grooves 968 by thebiasing member. The module 922 includes a slot 969 in the top surfacethat can be engaged by a finger, a coin, or a tool to rotate the module922 to insert and remove the module 922 from the housing 924. Oncelocked, the interface of the module 922 engages the interface 920 of theport 914 to form an electrical connection. It is understood that theinterface 920 of the port 914 may be connected to a sensor system 12,212, 312 as described above. Additionally, the module 922 has anelastomeric ridge, gasket or other structure 965 around the edges of thebottom surface thereof, which compresses when the module 922 is insertedinto the housing 924, in order to create a snug, water-tight seal. Thehousing 924 may additionally or alternately contain such elastomericstructure.

FIGS. 35-37 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1014, illustratedwithin a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article of footwear.Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable to featuresof the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, and suchfeatures are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“10xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1014 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 1014 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 1014 has an interface 1020 with electricalcontact pads 1056 located on a plug 1069 connected to a flexible band orstrip of Mylar 1062 extending over a well 135 in the midsole 131. Theport 1014 does not contain a housing in this embodiment, and the well135 functions as the chamber for receiving the module 1022, although theport 1014 may be provided with a housing in other embodiments. Themodule 1022 has a shape that is the same as the well 135. The module1022 has an interface 1023 on the top surface thereof, which includeselectrical contact pads 1053. The module 1022 also includes a recess1069A on the top surface, and the contacts 1053 of the interface 1023are located within the recess 1069A. When the module 1022 is insertedinto the well 135, the plug 1069 is received in the recess 1069A on themodule 1022, as shown in FIGS. 36-37, and the interface 1023 of themodule 1022 engages the interface 1020 of the port 1014 to form anelectrical connection. The band 1062 is flexible to permit the plug 1069to be moved in order to facilitate insertion of the module 1022, asshown in FIG. 36. It is understood that the interface 1020 of the port1014 may be connected to a sensor system 12, 212, 312 as describedabove. Additionally, the plug 1069 may be made of an elastomericmaterial that compresses when the plug 1069 is inserted into the recess1069A, in order to create a snug, water-tight seal. The plug 1069 mayinclude a divot as similarly described above, for removal of the plug1069.

FIGS. 38-39 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1114, illustratedwithin a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article of footwear.Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable to featuresof the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, and suchfeatures are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“11xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1114 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. Additionally, the port 1114 may be used in connection with anysensor systems 12, 212, 312 described above.

In this embodiment, the port 1114 has an interface 1120 with electricalcontact pads (not shown) located on a rigid plug 1169 extending over awell 135 in the midsole 131. The port 1114 does not contain a housing inthis embodiment, and the well 135 functions as the chamber for receivingthe module 1122, although the port 1114 may be provided with a housingin other embodiments. The module 1122 has a shape that is the same asthe well 135. The module 1122 has an interface 1123 on the top surfacethereof, which includes electrical contact pads 1153. The module 1122also includes a recess 1169A on the top surface, and the contacts 1153of the interface 1123 are located within the recess 1169A. When themodule 1122 is inserted into the well 135, the plug 1169 is received inthe recess 1169A on the module 1122, as shown in FIGS. 38-39, and theinterface 1123 of the module 1122 engages the interface 1120 of the port1114 to form an electrical connection. The module 1122 is inserted bysliding under the rigid plug 1169, as shown in FIG. 38. It is understoodthat the interface 1120 of the port 1114 may be connected to a sensorsystem 12, 212, 312 as described above. Additionally, the plug 1169 mayhave an elastomeric portion that compresses when the plug 1169 isinserted into the recess 1169A, in order to create a snug, water-tightseal. Further, the well 135 has a notch 1165A in one of the side walls,to permit easier access to remove the module 1122, such as with afingernail or a screwdriver or other tool. In any such embodiment, oneor more elastomeric structures may be disposed so as to provide a sealbetween the notch 1165A and the well 135.

FIGS. 40-74 illustrate several configurations of ports 1214, et seq.that are engaged with a sole structure 130 of an article of footwear100. In these embodiments, the ports 1214, et seq. are not illustratedwith housings as described above, and the well 135 in the midsole member131 functions as the chamber receiving the module 1222, et seq. in eachconfiguration, although a housing or another receiving structure such asa liner, a pocket, etc., may be used in other embodiments to partiallyor entirely define the chamber for receiving the module 1222, et seq. Itis therefore understood that any features of the well 135 describedbelow with respect to FIGS. 40-74 may be equally attributed to a housingor similar receiving structure located inside the well 135.Additionally, each of the ports 1214, et seq. illustrated in FIGS. 40-74and described below has an interface 1220, et seq. for connection to anelectronic module 1222, et seq., and it is understood that theinterfaces 1220, et seq. of any of these embodiment may be connected toa sensor system 12, 212, 312 as described above. Further, it isunderstood that any elastomeric or other sealing structures on theembodiments of FIGS. 40-74 that are shown and/or described as beinglocated on a surface may be additionally or alternately located onanother surface engaging that surface to form a seal.

FIG. 40 illustrates another embodiment of a port 1214, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“12xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1214 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 1214 has a USB-style interface 1220in the side of the well 135, and the module 1222 has a USB-pluginterface 1223 located on the side surface thereof. The module 1222further has a resilient and flexible flanged projection 1269 on thebottom surface, and the connector 1256 has an opening 1269A thatreceives the projection 1269. When the USB interfaces 1220, 1223 areconnected together, the projection 1269 is received in the opening 1269Ato further secure the connection.

FIGS. 41-42 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1314, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“13xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1314 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the module 1322 has an interface on the topsurface, adapted to be connected to a port interface 1320 that may besimilar to the interface shown in FIGS. 38-39 or another interfaceconfiguration in which the module 1322 slides into contact with theinterface 1320. In this embodiment, the module 1322 includes wings 1381on opposite sides that fit into grooves 1381A on the sides of the well135. As the module 1322 is slid into the well 135, the wings 1381 engagethe grooves 1381A to retain the module 1322 within the well 135.

FIGS. 43-44 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1414, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“14xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1414 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the module 1422 has an interface on the topsurface, adapted to be connected to a port interface 1420 that issimilar to the interface shown in FIGS. 38-39. In this embodiment, theport interface 1420 includes a rigid platform 1469 that contains theelectrical contacts 1456, and the module 1422 fits underneath theplatform 1469 to connect to the interface 1420. As shown in FIG. 91, theplatform 1469 may be angled or otherwise biased downwardly to applyadditional pressure and retaining force to the module 1422.

FIGS. 45-46A illustrate another embodiment of a port 1514, illustratedas received in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“15xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1514 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 1514 has an interface 1520connected to an insert member 1537 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 1520 contains a rigid Mylarconnector forming upwardly-extending electrical contacts 1556. Themodule 1522 has an interface 1523 on the bottom surface thereof. Whenthe module 1522 is inserted into the well 135, the interface 1523 of themodule 1522 engages and receives the contacts 1556 of the port 1514 toform an electrical connection with the interface 1520. Additionally, themodule 1522 and the port 1514 have elastomeric O-rings 1565 around theinterfaces 1520, 1523 thereof, as shown in FIG. 46A, which compress whenthe module 1522 is inserted into the well 135, in order to create asnug, water-tight seal. In another embodiment, the module 1522 and/orthe port 1514 may contain magnets or other locking/retaining devices tofurther secure the module 1522 in connection with the port 1514.

FIGS. 47-48 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1614, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“16xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1614 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 1614 has an interface 1620connected to an insert member 1637 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 1620 contains a rigid connector1656 extending inwardly from the edge of the well 135. The module 1622has an interface 1623 on the top surface thereof. When the module 1622is inserted into the well 135, the interface 1623 of the module 1622engages the interface 1620 of the port 1614, in a manner similar to theconfiguration shown in FIGS. 38-39. Additionally, the foot contactingmember 133 and the insert 1637 have a printed static sticker 1665 orother static seal around the port 1614, which adhere to each other whenthe members 133, 1637 are pressed together, in order to create a snug,water-tight seal around the port 1614. It is understood that the staticsealing members 1665 may be located elsewhere in other embodiments, suchas between the foot contacting member 133 and the midsole member 131.

FIGS. 49-51 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1714, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“17xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1714 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 1714 has an interface 1720connected to an insert member 1737 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 1720 contains a connector 1756extending inwardly from the bottom edge of the well 135. The module 1722has an interface 1723 on the bottom surface thereof. When the module1722 is inserted into the well 135, the interface 1723 of the module1722 engages the interface 1720 of the port 1714. Additionally, themodule 1722 and the insert 1737 have complementary-engaging sealingmembers 1765 to achieve sealing around the port 1714, such as aresealable plastic bag-like seal, or other types of seal structures,which connect to each other when the module 1722 is pressed togetherwith the insert 1737, in order to create a snug, water-tight seal aroundthe port 1714. In this embodiment, the module 1722 has a flange orflanges 1773 around the edges thereof, which flange or flanges 1773 havethe sealing members 1765 thereon and extend outside the well 135 toengage the sealing members 1765 of the insert 1737. The seal can beaccomplished by pressure, such as running a user's finger around thearea of the sealing members 1765, similar to sealing a resealableplastic bag. It is understood that the sealing members 1765 may belocated elsewhere in other embodiments, such as between the footcontacting member 133 and the insert 1737 and/or the midsole member 131.

FIGS. 52-53 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1814, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“18xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1814 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 1814 has an interface 1820connected to an insert member 1837 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 1820 contains a rigid connector1856 extending inwardly from the edge of the well 135. The module 1822has an interface 1823 on the top surface thereof. When the module 1822is inserted into the well 135, the interface 1823 of the module 1822engages the interface 1820 of the port 1814, in a manner similar to theconfiguration shown in FIGS. 38-39. Additionally, the foot contactingmember 133 and the insert 1837 have textured sealing portions 1865around the port 1814, which engage each other when the members 133, 1837are pressed together, in order to create a snug, water-tight seal aroundthe port 1814. It is understood that the static sealing members 1865 maybe located elsewhere in other embodiments, such as between the footcontacting member 133 and the midsole member 131.

FIGS. 54-56 illustrate another embodiment of a port 1914, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“19xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port1914 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 1914 has an interface 1920connected to an insert member 1937 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 1920 contains a rigid Mylarconnector extending inwardly from the edge of the well 135, with theconnectors positioned on a downwardly-extending plug 1969. The module1922 has an interface 1923 on the top surface thereof, within a recess1969A on the top surface. When the module 1922 is inserted into the well135, the plug 1969 is received in the recess 1969A, and the interface1923 of the module 1922 engages the interface 1920 of the port 1914.Additionally, the plug 1969 and the recess 1969A have nearly the exactsame geometry, in order to create a friction-fit and a snug, water-tightseal. Downward pressure from the foot contacting member 133 furtherincreases the friction-fit connection. In another embodiment, the module1922 and/or the port 1914 may contain magnets or other locking/retainingdevices to further secure the module 1922 in connection with the port1914.

FIGS. 57-58C illustrate another embodiment of a port 2014, illustratedas received in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“20xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2014 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2014 has an interface 2020connected to an insert member 2037 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 2020 contains a connector 2056extending inwardly from the bottom edge of the well 135. The module 2022has an interface 2023 on the bottom surface thereof. When the module2022 is inserted into the well 135, the interface 2023 of the module2022 engages the interface 2020 of the port 2014. Additionally, the well135 in the midsole member 131 and the module 2022 have complementaryengaging shapes to retain the module 2022 within the well 135. As shownin FIGS. 58A-C, the module 2022 has tapered edges 2022A that taperoutwardly from top to bottom, and the well 135 has similarly taperedside walls 135A that lock the module 2022 in the well 135. Inserting orremoving the module 2022 can be accomplished by flexing the midsolemember 131 sufficiently to provide clearance for the module 2022 to beinserted or removed, as shown in FIG. 58C. The contact between thetapered edges 2022A and tapered side walls 135A of the module 2022 andthe well 135 can create a water-resistant seal around the interfaces2020, 2023. In one embodiment, the port 2014 may include a resilientfoam housing or pocket around the inside of the well 135 to hold themodule 2022.

FIGS. 59-60 illustrate another embodiment of a port 2114, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“21xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2114 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2114 has an interface 2120connected to an insert member 2137 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 2120 contains a rigid connector2156 extending inwardly from the edge of the well 135. The module 2122has an interface 2123 on the top surface thereof. When the module 2122is inserted into the well 135, the interface 2123 of the module 2122engages the interface 2120 of the port 2114. Additionally, the footcontacting member 133 and the midsole member 131 have complementaryinterlocking structures around the port 2114, which engage each otherwhen the members 131, 133 are pressed together, in order to create asnug, water-tight seal around the port 2114. The interlocking structureincludes a plug 2174 on the foot contacting member 133 that extendsdownwardly into the well 135 to create a seal. The plug 2174 has agasket ring 2174A that snaps into a receiving ring 2174B on the midsolemember to enhance the seal, as shown in FIG. 60.

FIGS. 61-62 illustrate another embodiment of a port 2214, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“22xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2214 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2214 has an interface 2220connected to an insert member 2237 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 2220 contains a rigid connector2256 extending inwardly from the edge of the well 135. The module 2222has an interface 2223 on the top surface thereof. When the module 2222is inserted into the well 135, the interface 2223 of the module 2222engages the interface 2220 of the port 2214. Additionally, the insertmember 2237 has an over-molding forming a capsule 2275 surrounding theconnector 2256. The capsule 2275 can envelop the module 2222 in order tocreate a water-tight or water-resistant seal around the interfaces 2220,2223. The capsule 2275 can be made from a resilient and/or flexiblematerial, such as silicone, rubber, or another suitable material.

FIGS. 63-64 illustrate another embodiment of a port 2314, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“23xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2314 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2314 has an interface 2320connected to an insert member 2337 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 2320 contains a rigid orflexible connector 2356 extending inwardly from the edge of the well135. The module 2322 has an interface 2323 on the top surface thereof.When the module 2322 is inserted into the well 135, the interface 2323of the module 2322 engages the interface 2320 of the port 2314.Additionally, the insert member 2337 and the module 2322 havecomplementary-engaging sealing members 2365, such as a resealableplastic bag-like seal, or other seal around the interfaces 2320, 2323,which connect to each other when the connector 2356 is pressed togetherwith the module 2322, in order to create a snug, water-tight seal. Thepressure can be accomplished by running a user's finger around thesealing members 2365, similar to closing a resealable plastic bag.

FIGS. 65-66 illustrate another embodiment of a port 2414, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“24xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2414 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2414 has an interface 2420connected to an insert member 2437 that contains a sensor system (notshown) as described above. The interface 2420 contains a rigid male-typeplug 2469 extending inwardly from the edge of the well 135. The module2422 has an interface 2423 located within a receiver 2469A or otherfemale-type connecting structure. When the module 2422 is inserted intothe well 135, plug 2469 is received within the receiver 2469A to connectthe interfaces 2420, 2423. The strength of the plug 2469 may besufficient to hold the module 2422 within the well 135, howeveradditional retaining structure may be used, including any retainingstructure described herein.

FIG. 67 illustrates another embodiment of a port 2514, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“25xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2514 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2514 has an interface 2520 locatedon the bottom of the well 135, and the module 2522 has an interface 2523located on the bottom surface thereof. The port 2514 and the module 2522each have a soft sealing material 2565 lining the contacting surfacesadjacent the interfaces 2520, 2523, which press together to create awatertight or water-resistant seal when the module 2522 is received inthe well 135. In one embodiment, additional retaining structure may beused to retain the module 2522 within the well 135, including anyretaining structure described herein.

FIG. 68 illustrates another embodiment of a port 2614, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“26xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2614 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2614 has an interface 2620 locatedon the bottom of the well 135, and the module 2622 has an interface 2623located on the bottom surface thereof. The well 135 and the module 2622each have complementary threading 2680 on the sides thereof, allowingthe module 2622 to be screwed into the well 135. The module may utilizea slot for a coin-turn or a tool, such as the embodiment shown in FIGS.40-42.

FIGS. 69 and 69A illustrate another embodiment of a port 2714,illustrated as received in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of anarticle of footwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar orcomparable to features of the port 314 described above and shown inFIGS. 11-18A, and such features are referred to using similar referencenumerals under the “27xx” series of reference numerals, rather than“3xx” as used in the embodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certainfeatures of the port 2714 that were already described above with respectto the port 314 of FIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, ormay not be described at all. In this embodiment, the port 2714 has aninterface 2720 located on the bottom of the well 135, and the module2722 has an interface 2723 located on the bottom surface thereof. Thewell 135 and the module 2722 have complementary bayonet-style lockingstructure, including projections 2767 on opposite sides of the module2722 that are received in L-shaped or substantially L-shaped grooves2768 on the sides of the well 135, allowing the module 2722 to be lockedinto the well 135 by rotating. The module may utilize a slot for acoin-turn or a tool, such as the embodiment shown in FIGS. 32-34.

FIG. 70 illustrates another embodiment of a port 2814, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“28xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2814 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2814 has an interface 2820 locatedon the bottom of the well 135, and the module 2822 has an interface 2823located on the bottom surface thereof. The port 2814 has a resilientclip member 2876 that clips or clamps onto the side of the module 2822,and the module 2822 has a detent 2876A on the side to lock with the clipmember 2876. The clip member 2876 can be pulled backward to release themodule 2822, such as by manipulation by a user's fingertip.

FIG. 71 illustrates another embodiment of a port 2914, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“29xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port2914 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 2914 has an interface 2920including a connector 2956 that extends to the bottom of the well 135,and the module 2922 has an interface 2923 located on the bottom surfacethereof. The module 2922 has resilient tab members 2980 that arereceived within detents 2980A on the walls of the well 135 to retain themodule 2922 within the well 135.

FIG. 72 illustrates another embodiment of a port 3014, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“30xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port3014 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 3014 has an interface 3020including a connector 3056 that extends to the bottom of the well 135,and the module 3022 has an interface 3023 located on the bottom surfacethereof. The port 3014 has resilient clip members 3076 that clip orclamp onto the sides of the module 3022, and the module 3022 has tabs3076A on the sides to lock with the clip members 3076.

FIGS. 73-74 illustrate another embodiment of a port 3114, illustrated asreceived in a well 135 within a midsole member 131 of an article offootwear. Many features of this embodiment are similar or comparable tofeatures of the port 314 described above and shown in FIGS. 11-18A, andsuch features are referred to using similar reference numerals under the“31xx” series of reference numerals, rather than “3xx” as used in theembodiment of FIGS. 11-18A. Accordingly, certain features of the port3114 that were already described above with respect to the port 314 ofFIGS. 11-18A may be described in lesser detail, or may not be describedat all. In this embodiment, the port 3114 has an interface 3120including a connector 3156 that extends to the bottom of the well 135,and the module 3122 has an interface 3123 located on the bottom surfacethereof. The module 3122 has a flanged projection 3169 on the bottomsurface, proximate the interface 3123, and the connector 3156 has anopening 3169A that receives the projection 3169 to connect theinterfaces 3120, 3123 together. In this embodiment, the flangedprojection 3169 is resilient and flexible to fit within the opening3169A snugly, creating a water seal.

FIGS. 75-85 illustrate various embodiments of connecting structure forports 14, et seq. for connecting the interfaces 3520A-G of the ports 14,et seq. to the interfaces 3523A-G of various modules 3522A-G havingcomplementary connecting structure. The embodiments in FIGS. 75-85 willbe described briefly below with respect to their connecting structures,with the understanding that the connecting structures in FIGS. 75-85 canbe used with various designs for ports 14, et seq., sensor systems 12,et seq., and footwear 100 described herein.

FIGS. 75-76 illustrate a module 3522A that includes a gasket or otherwater seal 3565A located around a slot 3569A, with the interface 3523Alocated within the slot 3569A. The port interface 3520A has a rigid orflexible Mylar connector 3556A that slides tightly into the slot 3569Ato form a water seal and connect the interfaces 3520A, 3523A.

FIGS. 77-78 illustrate a module 3522B that includes a moveable clampingmember 3576B positioned adjacent the interface 3523B. The clampingmember 3576B can pivot to clamp down on a connector or other componentof the port interface (not shown). The module 3522B may include a gasketor other sealing member (not shown).

FIGS. 79-80 illustrate a module 3522C that includes moveable clampingarms 3576C, with the interface 3523C located between the arms 3576C. Theport interface 3520C has a rigid or flexible Mylar connector 3556C, andthe arms 3576C clamp together on the connector 3556C to connect theinterfaces 3520C, 3523C. The arms 3576C may include gaskets or othersealing members (not shown).

FIG. 81 illustrates a connecting structure that includes a capsule 3575Dpositioned around the interface 3520D, similar to the capsule 2275illustrated in FIGS. 61-62 and described above. In this embodiment, theport interface 3520D and the interface 3523D of the module 3522D containmale-female connecting structure, which differs from the configurationin FIGS. 61-62. The port interface 3520D includes a connector 3556D thatis received in a receiver 3569D in the module 3522D in this embodiment.

FIG. 82 illustrates a module 3522E and a port interface 3520E thatinclude magnets 3577E around the interfaces 3520E, 3523E. The magnets3577E connect the interfaces 3520E, 3523E together. The module 3522E mayadditionally include a gasket or other sealing member (not shown).

FIG. 83 illustrates a module 3522F that includes a clamping member 3576Fpositioned adjacent the interface 3523F that is clamped by the use offasteners 3578F. The clamping member 3576F receives a connector 3556F ofthe port interface 3520F, and the fasteners 3578F are then tightened toclamp down on the connector 3556F. The module 3522F also includes asealing member 3565F to create a water seal around the connector 3556F,such as a Mylar liner, a silicone or rubber liner or gasket, or othersealing member 3565F.

FIGS. 84-85 illustrate a module 3522G that includes a slot 3569G havingsnap-clamping members 3576G, with the interface 3523G located within theslot 3569G. The module 3522G also includes a trigger 3579G within theslot 3569G that activates the clamping members 3576G through an internalmechanism. The port interface 3520G has a Mylar connector 3556G that isinserted into the slot 3569G. When the connector 3556G hits the trigger3579G, the clamping members 3576G clamp together on the connector 3556Gto retain the connector 3556G in the slot 3569G. The clamping members3576G may sandwich and frictionally retain the connector 3556G, or mayextend through holes in the connector 3556G. The slot 3569G may includegaskets or other sealing members (not shown).

The operation and use of the sensor systems 12, 212, including the ports14, et seq. shown and described herein, are described below with respectto the sensor system 12 shown in FIGS. 3-5, and it is understood thatthe principles of operation of the sensor system 12, including allembodiments and variations thereof, are applicable to the otherembodiments of the sensor systems 212, et seq. and ports 214, et seq.described above. In operation, the sensors 16 gather data according totheir function and design, and transmit the data to the port 14. Theport 14 then allows the electronic module 22 to interface with thesensors 16 and collect the data for later use and/or processing. In oneembodiment, the data is collected, stored, and transmitted in auniversally readable format, so the data is able to be accessed and/ordownloaded by a plurality of users, with a variety of differentapplications, for use in a variety of different purposes. In oneexample, the data is collected, stored, and transmitted in XML format.Additionally, in one embodiment, data may be collected from the sensors16 in a sequential manner, and in another embodiment, data may becollected from two or more sensors 16 simultaneously.

In different embodiments, the sensor system 12 may be configured tocollect different types of data. In one embodiment (described above),the sensor(s) 16 can collect data regarding the number, sequence, and/orfrequency of compressions. For example, the system 12 can record thenumber or frequency of steps, jumps, cuts, kicks, or other compressiveforces incurred while wearing the footwear 100, as well as otherparameters, such as contact time and flight time. Both quantitativesensors and binary on/off type sensors can gather this data. In anotherexample, the system can record the sequence of compressive forcesincurred by the footwear, which can be used for purposes such asdetermining foot pronation or supination, weight transfer, foot strikepatterns, or other such applications. In another embodiment (alsodescribed above), the sensor(s) 16 are able to quantitatively measurethe compressive forces on the adjacent portions of the shoe 100, and thedata consequently can include quantitative compressive force and/orimpact measurement. Relative differences in the forces on differentportions of the shoe 100 can be utilized in determining weightdistribution and “center of pressure” of the shoe 100. The weightdistribution and/or center of pressure can be calculated independentlyfor one or both shoes 100, or can be calculated over both shoestogether, such as to find a center of pressure or center of weightdistribution for a person's entire body. As described above, arelatively densely packed array of on/off binary sensors can be used tomeasure quantitative forces by changes detected in “puddling” activationof the sensors during moments of greater compression. In furtherembodiments, the sensor(s) 16 may be able to measure rates of changes incompressive force, contact time, flight time or time between impacts(such as for jumping or running), and/or other temporally-dependentparameters. It is understood that, in any embodiment, the sensors 16 mayrequire a certain threshold force or impact before registering theforce/impact.

As described above, the data is provided through the universal port 14to the module 22 in a universally readable format, so that the number ofapplications, users, and programs that can use the data is nearlyunlimited. Thus, the port 14 and module 22 are configured and/orprogrammed as desired by a user, and the port 14 and module 22 receiveinput data from the sensor system 12, which data can be used in anymanner desired for different applications. In many applications, thedata is further processed by the module 22 and/or the external device110 prior to use. It is understood that one or more of the sensors 16,the port 14, the module 22, the external device 110 (including thedevice 110A), and/or any combination of such components may process atleast a portion of the data in some embodiments, provided that suchcomponents include hardware and/or other structure with processingcapability. In configurations where the external device 110 furtherprocesses the data, the module 22 may transmit the data to the externaldevice 110. This transmitted data may be transmitted in the sameuniversally-readable format, or may be transmitted in another format,and the module 22 may be configured to change the format of the data.Additionally, the module 22 can be configured and/or programmed togather, utilize, and/or process data from the sensors 16 for one or morespecific applications. In one embodiment, the module 22 is configuredfor gathering, utilizing, and/or processing data for use in a pluralityof applications. Examples of such uses and applications are given below.As used herein, the term “application” refers generally to a particularuse, and does not necessarily refer to use in a computer programapplication, as that term is used in the computer arts. Nevertheless, aparticular application may be embodied wholly or partially in a computerprogram application.

Further, the module 22 can be removed from the footwear 100 and replacedwith a second module 22 configured for operating differently than thefirst module 22. The original module 22 can be removed, such as inmanners described above, and the second module 22 may be inserted in thesame manner as the original module 22. The second module 22 may beprogrammed and/or configured differently than the first module 22. It isunderstood that the module 22 can be removed and replaced by anothermodule 22 configured in a similar or identical manner, such asreplacement due to battery drain, malfunction, etc. In one embodiment,the first module 22 may be configured for use in one or more specificapplications, and the second module 22 may be configured for use in oneor more different applications. For example, the first module 22 may beconfigured for use in one or more gaming applications and the secondmodule 22 may be configured for use in one or more athletic performancemonitoring applications. Additionally, the modules 22 may be configuredfor use in different applications of the same type. For example, thefirst module 22 may be configured for use in one game or athleticperformance monitoring application, and the second module 22 may beconfigured for use in a different game or athletic performancemonitoring application. As another example, the modules 22 may beconfigured for different uses within the same game or performancemonitoring application. In another embodiment, the first module 22 maybe configured to gather one type of data, and the second module 22 maybe configured to gather a different type of data. Examples of such typesof data are described herein, including quantitative force measurement,relative force measurement (i.e. sensors 16 relative to each other),weight shifting/transfer, impact sequences (such as for foot strikepatterns) rate of force change, etc. In a further embodiment, the firstmodule 22 may be configured to utilize or process data from the sensors16 in a different manner than the second module 22. For example, themodules 22 may be configured to only gather, store, and/or communicatedata, or the modules 22 may be configured to further process the data insome manner, such as organizing the data, changing the form of the data,performing calculations using the data, etc. In yet another embodiment,the modules 22 may be configured to communicate differently, such ashaving different communication interfaces or being configured tocommunicate with different external devices 110. The modules 22 mayfunction differently in other aspects as well, including both structuraland functional aspects, such as using different power sources orincluding additional or different hardware components, such asadditional sensors as described above (e.g. GPS, accelerometer, etc.).

One use contemplated for the data collected by the system 12 is inmeasuring weight transfer, which is important for many athleticactivities, such as a golf swing, a baseball/softball swing, a hockeyswing (ice hockey or field hockey), a tennis swing, throwing/pitching aball, etc. The pressure data collected by the system 12 can givevaluable feedback regarding balance and stability for use in improvingtechnique in any applicable athletic field. It is understood that moreor less expensive and complex sensor systems 12 may be designed, basedon the intended use of the data collected thereby.

The data collected by the system 12 can be used in measurement of avariety of other athletic performance characteristics. The data can beused to measure the degree and/or speed of foot pronation/supination,foot strike patterns, balance, and other such parameters, which can beused to improve technique in running/jogging or other athleticactivities. With regard to pronation/supination, analysis of the datacan also be used as a predictor of pronation/supination. Speed anddistance monitoring can be performed, which may include pedometer-basedmeasurements, such as contact measurement or loft time measurement. Jumpheight can also be measured, such as by using contact or loft timemeasurement. Lateral cutting force can be measured, includingdifferential forces applied to different parts of the shoe 100 duringcutting. The sensors 16 can also be positioned to measure shearingforces, such as a foot slipping laterally within the shoe 100. As oneexample, additional sensors may be incorporated into the sides of theupper 120 of the shoe 100 to sense forces against the sides. As anotherexample, a high-density array of binary sensors could detect shearingaction through lateral changes in “puddling” of the activated sensors.

In another embodiment (not shown) one or more sensors 16 canadditionally or alternately be incorporated into the upper 120 of theshoe 100. In this configuration, additional parameters can be measured,such as kick force, such as for soccer or football, as well as numberand/or frequency of “touches” in soccer.

The data, or the measurements derived therefrom, may be useful forathletic training purposes, including improving speed, power, quickness,consistency, technique, etc. The port 14, module 22, and/or externaldevice 110 can be configured to give the user active, real-timefeedback. In one example, the port 14 and/or module 22 can be placed incommunication with a computer, mobile device, etc., in order to conveyresults in real time. In another example, one or more vibration elementsmay be included in the shoe 100, which can give a user feedback byvibrating a portion of the shoe to help control motion, such as thefeatures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,684, which is incorporatedherein by reference and made part hereof. Additionally, the data can beused to compare athletic movements, such as comparing a movement with auser's past movements to show consistency, improvement, or the lackthereof, or comparing a user's movement with the same movement ofanother, such as a professional golfer's swing. Further, the system 12may be used to record biomechanical data for a “signature” athleticmovement of an athlete. This data could be provided to others for use induplicating or simulating the movement, such as for use in gamingapplications or in a shadow application that overlays a movement over auser's similar movement.

The system 12 can also be configured for “all day activity” tracking, torecord the various activities a user engages in over the course of aday. The system 12 may include a special algorithm for this purpose,such as in the module 22, the external device 110, and/or the sensors16.

The system 12 may also be used for control applications, rather thandata collection and processing applications. In other words, the system12 could be incorporated into footwear, or another article thatencounters bodily contact, for use in controlling an external device110, such as a computer, television, video game, etc., based onmovements by the user detected by the sensors 16. In effect, thefootwear with the incorporated sensors 16 and leads 18 extending to auniversal port 14 allows the footwear to act as an input system, and theelectronic module 22 can be configured, programmed, and adapted toaccept the input from the sensors 16 and use this input data in anydesired manner, e.g., as a control input for a remote system. Forexample, a shoe with sensor controls could be used as a control or inputdevice for a computer, or for a program being executed by the computer,similarly to a mouse, where certain foot movements, gestures, etc.(e.g., a foot tap, double foot tap, heel tap, double heel tap,side-to-side foot movement, foot-point, foot-flex, etc.) can control apre-designated operation on a computer (e.g., page down, page up, undo,copy, cut, paste, save, close, etc.). Software can be provided to assignfoot gestures to different computer function controls for this purpose.It is contemplated that an operating system could be configured toreceive and recognize control input from the sensor system 12.Televisions or other external electronic devices can be controlled inthis manner. Footwear 100 incorporating the system 12 can also be usedin gaming applications and game programs, similarly to the Nintendo Wiicontroller, where specific movements can be assigned certain functionsand/or can be used to produce a virtual representation of the user'smotion on a display screen. As one example, center of pressure data andother weight distribution data can be used in gaming applications, whichmay involve virtual representations of balancing, weight shifting, andother performance activities. The system 12 can be used as an exclusivecontroller for a game or other computer system, or as a complementarycontroller. Examples of configurations and methods of using sensorsystems for articles of footwear as controls for external devices andfoot gestures for such controls are shown and described in U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/138,048, which is incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

Additionally, the system 12 may be configured to communicate directlywith the external device 110 and/or with a controller for the externaldevice. As described above, FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment forcommunication between the electronic module 22 and the external device.In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 86, the system 12 can be configuredfor communication with an external gaming device 110A. The externalgaming device 110A contains similar components to the exemplary externaldevice 110 shown in FIG. 6. The external gaming device 110A alsoincludes at least one game media 307 containing a game program (e.g. acartridge, CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, or other storage device), and at least oneremote controller 305 configured to communicate by wired and/or wirelessconnection through the transmitting/receiving element 108. In theembodiment shown, the controller 305 complements the user input 310,however in one embodiment, the controller 305 may function as the soleuser input. In this embodiment, the system 12 is provided with anaccessory device 303, such as a wireless transmitter/receiver with a USBplug-in, that is configured to be connected to the external device 110and/or the controller 305 to enable communication with the module 22. Inone embodiment, the accessory device 303 may be configured to beconnected to one or more additional controllers and/or external devices,of the same and/or different type than the controller 305 and theexternal device 110. It is understood that if the system 12 includesother types of sensors described above (e.g., an accelerometer), suchadditional sensors can also be incorporated into controlling a game orother program on an external device 110.

An external device 110, such as a computer/gaming system, can beprovided with other types of software to interact with the system 12.For example, a gaming program may be configured to alter the attributesof an in-game character based on a user's real-life activities, whichcan encourage exercise or greater activity by the user. In anotherexample, a program may be configured to display an avatar of the userthat acts in relation or proportion to the user activity collected bythe sensing system of the shoe. In such a configuration, the avatar mayappear excited, energetic, etc., if the user has been active, and theavatar may appear sleepy, lazy, etc., if the user has been inactive. Thesensor system 12 could also be configured for more elaborate sensing torecord data describing a “signature move” of an athlete, which couldthen be utilized for various purposes, such as in a gaming system ormodeling system.

A single article of footwear 100 containing the sensor system 12 asdescribed herein can be used alone or in combination with a secondarticle of footwear 100′ having its own sensor system 12′, such as apair of shoes 100, 100′ as illustrated in FIGS. 87-89. The sensor system12′ of the second shoe 100′ generally contains one or more sensors 16′connected by sensor leads 18′ to a port 14′ in communication with anelectronic module 22′. The second sensor system 12′ of the second shoe100′ shown in FIGS. 87-89 has the same configuration as the sensorsystem 12 of the first shoe 100. However, in another embodiment, theshoes 100, 100′ may have sensor systems 12, 12′ having differentconfigurations. The two shoes 100, 100′ are both configured forcommunication with the external device 110, and in the embodimentillustrated, each of the shoes 100, 100′ has an electronic module 22,22′ configured for communication with the external device 110. Inanother embodiment, both shoes 100, 100′ may have ports 14, 14′configured for communication with the same electronic module 22. In thisembodiment, at least one shoe 100, 100′ may be configured for wirelesscommunication with the module 22. FIGS. 87-89 illustrate various modesfor communication between the modules 22, 22′

FIG. 87 illustrates a “mesh” communication mode, where the modules 22,22′ are configured for communicating with each other, and are alsoconfigured for independent communication with the external device 110.FIG. 88 illustrates a “daisy chain” communication mode, where one module22′ communicates with the external device 110 through the other module22. In other words, the second module 22′ is configured to communicatesignals (which may include data) to the first module 22, and the firstmodule 22 is configured to communicate signals from both modules 22, 22′to the external device 110. Likewise, the external device communicateswith the second module 22′ through the first module 22, by sendingsignals to the first module 22, which communicates the signals to thesecond module 22′. In one embodiment, the modules 22, 22′ can alsocommunicate with each other for purposes other than transmitting signalsto and from the external device 110. FIG. 89 illustrates an“independent” communication mode, where each module 22, 22′ isconfigured for independent communication with the external device 110,and the modules 22, 22′ are not configured for communication with eachother. In other embodiments, the sensor systems 12, 12′ may beconfigured for communication with each other and/or with the externaldevice 110 in another manner.

Still other uses and applications of the data collected by the system 12are contemplated within the scope of the invention and are recognizableto those skilled in the art.

Sensor systems 12, 212 as described above can be customized for use withspecific software for the electronic module 22 and/or the externaldevice 110. Such software may be provided along with a sensor system 12,212, such as in the form of a sole insert 237 having a customized sensorassembly 213, as a kit or package.

As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art upon reading thepresent disclosure, various aspects described herein may be embodied asa method, a data processing system, or a computer program product.Accordingly, those aspects may take the form of an entirely hardwareembodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combiningsoftware and hardware aspects. Furthermore, such aspects may take theform of a computer program product stored by one or more tangiblecomputer-readable storage media or storage devices havingcomputer-readable program code, or instructions, embodied in or on thestorage media. Any suitable tangible computer readable storage media maybe utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices,magnetic storage devices, and/or any combination thereof. In addition,various intangible signals representing data or events as describedherein may be transferred between a source and a destination in the formof electromagnetic waves traveling through signal-conducting media suchas metal wires, optical fibers, and/or wireless transmission media(e.g., air and/or space).

As described above, aspects of the present invention may be described inthe general context of computer-executable instructions, such as programmodules, being executed by a computer and/or a processor thereof.Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects,components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks orimplement particular abstract data types. Such a program module may becontained in a tangible computer-readable medium, as described above.Aspects of the present invention may also be practiced in distributedcomputing environments where tasks are performed by remote processingdevices that are linked through a communications network. Programmodules may be located in a memory, such as the memory 204 of the module22 or memory 304 of the external device 110, or an external medium, suchas game media 307, which may include both local and remote computerstorage media including memory storage devices. It is understood thatthe module 22, the external device 110, and/or external media mayinclude complementary program modules for use together, such as in aparticular application. It is also understood that a single processor202, 302 and single memory 204, 304 are shown and described in themodule 22 and the external device 110 for sake of simplicity, and thatthe processor 202, 302 and memory 204, 304 may include a plurality ofprocessors and/or memories respectively, and may comprise a system ofprocessors and/or memories.

The various embodiments of the sensor system described herein, as wellas the articles of footwear, foot contacting members, inserts, and otherstructures incorporating the sensor system, provide benefits andadvantages over existing technology. For example, many of the portembodiments described herein provide relatively low cost and durableoptions for use with sensor systems, so that a sensor system can beincorporated into articles of footwear with little added cost and goodreliability. As a result, footwear can be manufactured with integralsensor systems regardless of whether the sensor systems are ultimatelydesired to be used by the consumer, without appreciably affecting price.Additionally, sole inserts with customized sensor systems can beinexpensively manufactured and distributed along with software designedto utilize the sensor systems, without appreciably affecting the cost ofthe software. As another example, the sensor system provides a widerange of functionality for a wide variety of applications, includinggaming, fitness, athletic training and improvement, practical controlsfor computers and other devices, and many others described herein andrecognizable to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, third-partysoftware developers can develop software configured to run using inputfrom the sensor systems, including games and other programs. The abilityof the sensor system to provide data in a universally readable formatgreatly expands the range of third party software and other applicationsfor which the sensor system can be used. As a further example, thevarious sole inserts containing sensor systems, including liners,insoles, and other elements, permit interchangeability and customizationof the sensor system for different applications. Still further, variousport and module configurations described herein can provide for secureconnections with reasonable expense and minimal to no negative effect onshoe performance or response. The connecting structures may also bewater-resistant or water-tight to resist interference from sweat andother fluids. Additionally, the connecting structures of the variousport configurations described herein may provide quick and easyinterchanging of one module for another. Those skilled in the art willrecognize yet other benefits and advantages from the configurationsdescribed herein.

Several alternative embodiments and examples have been described andillustrated herein. A person of ordinary skill in the art wouldappreciate the features of the individual embodiments, and the possiblecombinations and variations of the components. A person of ordinaryskill in the art would further appreciate that any of the embodimentscould be provided in any combination with the other embodimentsdisclosed herein. It is understood that the invention may be embodied inother specific forms without departing from the spirit or centralcharacteristics thereof. The present examples and embodiments,therefore, are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and notrestrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details givenherein. The terms “first,” “second,” “top,” “bottom,” etc., as usedherein, are intended for illustrative purposes only and do not limit theembodiments in any way. Additionally, the term “plurality,” as usedherein, indicates any number greater than one, either disjunctively orconjunctively, as necessary, up to an infinite number. Further,“Providing” an article or apparatus, as used herein, refers broadly tomaking the article available or accessible for future actions to beperformed on the article, and does not connote that the party providingthe article has manufactured, produced, or supplied the article or thatthe party providing the article has ownership or control of the article.Accordingly, while specific embodiments have been illustrated anddescribed, numerous modifications come to mind without significantlydeparting from the spirit of the invention and the scope of protectionis only limited by the scope of the accompanying Claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A port for use with an article of footwearadapted to engage a foot, the article of footwear having a solestructure, an upper portion connected to the sole structure, and asensor system connected to the sole structure, the port comprising: ahousing adapted to be connected to the article of footwear, the housingcomprising a chamber adapted to removably receive an electronic moduletherein, wherein the chamber is defined by a circular side wall to formthe chamber in a cylindrical shape, wherein the housing has an elongatedgroove in the side wall that is configured to receive a projection ofthe electronic module to be moveable within the groove by rotation ofthe electronic module when the electronic module is received in thehousing; and an interface in communication with the sensor system andhaving a plurality of electrical contacts exposed within the chamber,such that the interface is configured to form an electrical connectionwith the electronic module such that the electronic module engages theelectrical contacts to place the electronic module in communication withthe sensor system when the electronic module is received within thechamber.
 2. The port of claim 1, wherein the groove extends downwardfrom a top of the housing, and the groove is configured to receive theprojection of the electronic module by insertion downward from the topof the housing.
 3. The port of claim 1, wherein the groove is a rampedgroove that extends downward from a top of the housing and around thecircular sidewall.
 4. The port of claim 1, wherein the groove isconfigured to permit the electronic module to rotate a quarter rotationwithin the housing.
 5. The port of claim 1, wherein the electricalcontacts of the interface are annular contact pads.
 6. The port of claim1, further comprising the electronic module, wherein the electronicmodule has the projection extending outward from the electronic module,and the projection is configured to be received in the groove when theelectronic module is received in the housing, and wherein the electronicmodule is configured to be rotatable between a locked position, wherethe projection engages the groove to retain the electronic module in thehousing, and an unlocked position, where the electronic module isremovable from the housing, and the projection is configured to movewithin the groove between the locked position and the unlocked position.7. The port of claim 6, wherein the housing has a second elongatedgroove in the side wall, and the electronic module has a secondprojection extending outward from the electronic module, wherein thesecond projection is configured to be received in the second groove whenthe electronic module is received in the housing, wherein the secondprojection is configured to engage the second groove to retain theelectronic module in the housing in the locked position, and the secondprojection is configured to move within the second groove between thelocked position and the unlocked position.
 8. The port of claim 6,wherein the electronic module further comprises an elastomeric structurethat is configured to compress against the housing when the electronicmodule is received in the housing.
 9. An insert configured for use in anarticle of footwear, comprising: an insert member adapted to be placedin contact with a sole structure of the article of footwear, the insertmember being formed of a flexible polymer material; a plurality of forcesensors connected to the insert member, the force sensors being adaptedto sense a force exerted on the insert member; a plurality of sensorleads extending away from the force sensors; and a port comprising: ahousing connected to the insert member, the housing comprising a chamberadapted to removably receive an electronic module therein, wherein thechamber is defined by a circular side wall to form the chamber in acylindrical shape, wherein the housing has an elongated groove in theside wall that is configured to receive a projection of the electronicmodule, such that rotation of the electronic module moves the projectionwithin the groove to lock or unlock the electronic module within thehousing; and an interface in communication with the sensor leads andhaving a plurality of electrical contacts exposed within the chamber,such that the interface is configured to form an electrical connectionwith the electronic module such that the electronic module engages theelectrical contacts to place the electronic module in communication withthe sensor leads and the force sensors when the electronic module isreceived within the chamber.
 10. The insert of claim 9, wherein thesensor leads are connected to the electrical contacts of the interface.11. An article of footwear adapted to engage a foot, comprising: a solestructure; an upper portion connected to the sole structure; a sensorsystem comprising a flexible insert connected to the sole structure, aplurality of force sensors connected to the insert and a plurality ofsensor leads extending away from the force sensors, the force sensorsbeing adapted to sense a force exerted on the sole structure by thefoot; and a port comprising: a housing connected to the article offootwear, the housing comprising a chamber adapted to removably receivean electronic module therein, wherein the chamber is defined by acircular side wall to form the chamber in a cylindrical shape, whereinthe housing has an elongated groove in the side wall that is configuredto receive a projection of the electronic module, such that rotation ofthe electronic module moves the projection within the groove to lock orunlock the electronic module within the housing; and an interface incommunication with the sensor system and having a plurality ofelectrical contacts exposed within the chamber, such that the interfaceis configured to form an electrical connection with the electronicmodule such that the electronic module engages the electrical contactsto place the electronic module in communication with the sensor systemwhen the electronic module is received within the chamber.
 12. Thearticle of footwear of claim 11, wherein the housing of the port isreceived within the sole structure of the article of footwear.
 13. Asystem for use with an article of footwear adapted to engage a foot, thearticle of footwear having a sole structure, an upper portion connectedto the sole structure, and a sensor system connected to the solestructure, the system comprising: an electronic module configured fordata storage; and a port comprising: a housing adapted to be connectedto the article of footwear, the housing comprising a chamber adapted toremovably receive the electronic module therein, wherein the chamber isdefined by a circular side wall to form the chamber in a cylindricalshape; and an interface in communication with the sensor system andhaving a plurality of electrical contacts exposed within the chamber,such that the interface is configured to form an electrical connectionwith the electronic module such that the electronic module engages theelectrical contacts to place the electronic module in communication withthe sensor system when the electronic module is received within thechamber. wherein the electronic module and the housing havecomplementary engaging structures configured to retain the electronicmodule in the housing by rotation of the electronic module within thehousing between a locked position, where the complementary engagingstructures are configured to retain the electronic module in thehousing, and an unlocked position, where the electronic module can beremoved from the housing.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein theelectronic module has a projection that engages the housing to lock theelectronic module in the housing when the electronic module is in thelocked position.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the housing has anelongated groove, and wherein the projection is received in the groovesuch that rotation of the electronic module within the housing moves theprojection within the groove.
 16. The system of claim 14, wherein theelectronic module further has a second projection that engages thehousing to lock the electronic module in the housing when the electronicmodule is in the locked position, and wherein the housing has a pair ofelongated grooves configured to receive the projection and the secondprojection, such that rotation of the electronic module within thehousing moves the projection and the second projection within thegrooves.
 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the complementary engagingstructure is configured to permit the electronic module to be locked orunlocked with a quarter rotation.
 18. The system of claim 13, whereinthe electrical contacts of the interface are annular contact pads. 19.The system of claim 13, wherein the electronic module further comprisesan elastomeric structure that is configured to compress against thehousing when the electronic module is received in the housing.
 20. Thesystem of claim 13, further comprising the sensor system, wherein thesensor system comprises: an insert member adapted to be placed incontact with the sole structure of the article of footwear, the insertmember being formed of a flexible polymer material, wherein the port isconnected to the insert member; a plurality of force sensors connectedto the insert member, the force sensors being adapted to sense a forceexerted on the insert member; a plurality of sensor leads connected tothe force sensors and extending from the force sensors to the port,wherein the sensor leads are connected to the electrical contacts of theinterface.
 21. An article of footwear adapted to engage a foot,comprising: a sole structure; an upper portion connected to the solestructure; a sensor system connected to the sole structure; anelectronic module configured for data storage; and a port comprising: ahousing adapted to be connected to the sole structure, the housingcomprising a chamber adapted to removably receive the electronic moduletherein, wherein the chamber is defined by a circular side wall to formthe chamber in a cylindrical shape; and an interface in communicationwith the sensor system and having a plurality of electrical contactsexposed within the chamber, such that the interface is configured toform an electrical connection with the electronic module such that theelectronic module engages the electrical contacts to place theelectronic module in communication with the sensor system when theelectronic module is received within the chamber. wherein the electronicmodule and the housing have complementary engaging structures configuredto retain the electronic module in the housing by rotation of theelectronic module within the housing between a locked position, wherethe complementary engaging structures are configured to retain theelectronic module in the housing, and an unlocked position, where theelectronic module can be removed from the housing.
 22. The article offootwear of claim 21, wherein the sensor system comprises: an insertmember adapted to be placed in contact with the sole structure of thearticle of footwear, the insert member being formed of a flexiblepolymer material, wherein the port is connected to the insert member; aplurality of force sensors connected to the insert member, the forcesensors being adapted to sense a force exerted on the insert member; aplurality of sensor leads connected to the force sensors and extendingfrom the force sensors to the port, wherein the sensor leads areconnected to the electrical contacts of the interface.